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Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks

Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong (Gs/Gd) lineage are an emerging threat to wild birds. In the 2016–2017 H5N8 outbreak, unexplained variability was observed in susceptible species, with some reports of infected birds dying in high numbers and other reports of...

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Autores principales: Caliendo, Valentina, Leijten, Lonneke, van de Bildt, Marco W. G., Poen, Marjolein J., Kok, Adinda, Bestebroer, Theo, Richard, Mathilde, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Kuiken, Thijs
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: American Society for Microbiology 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517725/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36098512
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01233-22
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author Caliendo, Valentina
Leijten, Lonneke
van de Bildt, Marco W. G.
Poen, Marjolein J.
Kok, Adinda
Bestebroer, Theo
Richard, Mathilde
Fouchier, Ron A. M.
Kuiken, Thijs
author_facet Caliendo, Valentina
Leijten, Lonneke
van de Bildt, Marco W. G.
Poen, Marjolein J.
Kok, Adinda
Bestebroer, Theo
Richard, Mathilde
Fouchier, Ron A. M.
Kuiken, Thijs
author_sort Caliendo, Valentina
collection PubMed
description Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong (Gs/Gd) lineage are an emerging threat to wild birds. In the 2016–2017 H5N8 outbreak, unexplained variability was observed in susceptible species, with some reports of infected birds dying in high numbers and other reports of apparently subclinical infections. This experimental study was devised to test the hypothesis that previous infection with a less-virulent HPAIV (i.e., 2014 H5N8) provides long-term immunity against subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV (i.e., 2016 H5N8). Therefore, two species of wild ducks—the more-susceptible tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) and the more-resistant mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)—were serially inoculated, first with 2014 H5N8 and after 9 months with 2016 H5N8. For both species, a control group of birds was first sham inoculated and after 9 months inoculated with 2016 H5N8. Subsequent infection with the more-virulent 2016 H5N8 caused no clinical signs in tufted ducks that had previously been infected with 2014 H5N8 (n = 6) but caused one death in tufted ducks that had been sham inoculated (n = 7). In mallards, 2016 H5N8 infection caused significant body weight loss in previously sham-inoculated birds (n = 8) but not in previously infected birds (n = 7). IMPORTANCE This study showed that ducks infected with a less-virulent HPAIV developed immunity that was protective against a subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV 9 months later. Following 2014 H5N8 infection, the proportion of birds with detectable influenza nucleoprotein antibody declined from 100% (8/8) in tufted ducks and 78% (7/9) in mallards after 1 month to 33% (2/6) in tufted ducks and 29% (2/7) in mallards after 9 months. This finding helps predict the expected impact that an HPAIV outbreak may have on wild bird populations, depending on whether they are immunologically naive or have survived previous infection with HPAIV.
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spelling pubmed-95177252022-09-29 Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks Caliendo, Valentina Leijten, Lonneke van de Bildt, Marco W. G. Poen, Marjolein J. Kok, Adinda Bestebroer, Theo Richard, Mathilde Fouchier, Ron A. M. Kuiken, Thijs J Virol Pathogenesis and Immunity Highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the Goose/Guangdong (Gs/Gd) lineage are an emerging threat to wild birds. In the 2016–2017 H5N8 outbreak, unexplained variability was observed in susceptible species, with some reports of infected birds dying in high numbers and other reports of apparently subclinical infections. This experimental study was devised to test the hypothesis that previous infection with a less-virulent HPAIV (i.e., 2014 H5N8) provides long-term immunity against subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV (i.e., 2016 H5N8). Therefore, two species of wild ducks—the more-susceptible tufted duck (Aythya fuligula) and the more-resistant mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)—were serially inoculated, first with 2014 H5N8 and after 9 months with 2016 H5N8. For both species, a control group of birds was first sham inoculated and after 9 months inoculated with 2016 H5N8. Subsequent infection with the more-virulent 2016 H5N8 caused no clinical signs in tufted ducks that had previously been infected with 2014 H5N8 (n = 6) but caused one death in tufted ducks that had been sham inoculated (n = 7). In mallards, 2016 H5N8 infection caused significant body weight loss in previously sham-inoculated birds (n = 8) but not in previously infected birds (n = 7). IMPORTANCE This study showed that ducks infected with a less-virulent HPAIV developed immunity that was protective against a subsequent infection with a more-virulent HPAIV 9 months later. Following 2014 H5N8 infection, the proportion of birds with detectable influenza nucleoprotein antibody declined from 100% (8/8) in tufted ducks and 78% (7/9) in mallards after 1 month to 33% (2/6) in tufted ducks and 29% (2/7) in mallards after 9 months. This finding helps predict the expected impact that an HPAIV outbreak may have on wild bird populations, depending on whether they are immunologically naive or have survived previous infection with HPAIV. American Society for Microbiology 2022-09-13 /pmc/articles/PMC9517725/ /pubmed/36098512 http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01233-22 Text en Copyright © 2022 Caliendo et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Pathogenesis and Immunity
Caliendo, Valentina
Leijten, Lonneke
van de Bildt, Marco W. G.
Poen, Marjolein J.
Kok, Adinda
Bestebroer, Theo
Richard, Mathilde
Fouchier, Ron A. M.
Kuiken, Thijs
Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks
title Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks
title_full Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks
title_fullStr Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks
title_full_unstemmed Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks
title_short Long-Term Protective Effect of Serial Infections with H5N8 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Ducks
title_sort long-term protective effect of serial infections with h5n8 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus in wild ducks
topic Pathogenesis and Immunity
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517725/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36098512
http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01233-22
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