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Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases

Intervertebral disc disease, including intervertebral disc extrusions and protrusions, is the most common spinal cord disorder in dogs. Atypical and uncommon intervertebral disc herniations include intradural/intramedullary disc extrusion, intervertebral foraminal disc extrusion and intervertebral d...

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Autores principales: Casado, David, Fernandes, Ricardo, Lourinho, Filipa, Gonçalves, Rita, Clark, Robert, Violini, Francesca, Carrera, Inés
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36187811
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1003042
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author Casado, David
Fernandes, Ricardo
Lourinho, Filipa
Gonçalves, Rita
Clark, Robert
Violini, Francesca
Carrera, Inés
author_facet Casado, David
Fernandes, Ricardo
Lourinho, Filipa
Gonçalves, Rita
Clark, Robert
Violini, Francesca
Carrera, Inés
author_sort Casado, David
collection PubMed
description Intervertebral disc disease, including intervertebral disc extrusions and protrusions, is the most common spinal cord disorder in dogs. Atypical and uncommon intervertebral disc herniations include intradural/intramedullary disc extrusion, intervertebral foraminal disc extrusion and intervertebral disc herniation (Schmorl's node). Intradural/extramedullary disc extrusion is the least common type of intervertebral disc herniation in veterinary medicine, characterized by extruded disc material within the intradural space. To date, only one study has been published in veterinary medicine reporting intradural/extramedullary disc extrusions. In this study, low field MRI was used, and the authors could not find any MRI features to diagnose with confidence an intradural/extramedullary disc location of the extruded disc material. The aim of this study was to describe the high field (1.5T) MRI characteristics of surgically confirmed intradural/extramedullary disc extrusions. This is a retrospective, multicentric and descriptive study. Inclusion criteria was surgical confirmation of intradural/extramedullary disc extrusion by durotomy and complete MRI study of the spine. Seven cases were included. Images were reviewed by a radiology resident and a certified radiologist, with emphasis on the following signs: “Golf-tee sign” (widening of the subarachnoid space cranial and caudal to the lesion), “Beak sign” (pointed and sharp compressive lesion) and “Y sign” (division of the dura and arachnoid layers). MRI showed a “Y sign” in all the cases (7/7) seen from the T2-weighted sagittal views, while “Golf-tee sign” was not recognized in any of the cases (0/7). Additionally, “beak sign” was present in half of the cases (4/7). “Y sign” maybe a reliable MRI feature for identifying intradural/medullary disc extrusions from the MRI study. As the arachnoid is peeled from the dura by the disc herniation there is a splitting of the arachnoid mater and the ventral dura. The intradural disc material will be surrounded by CSF signal intensity margin, giving the appearance of a Y, which can be identified from the T2-weighted sagittal images.
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spelling pubmed-95179422022-09-29 Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases Casado, David Fernandes, Ricardo Lourinho, Filipa Gonçalves, Rita Clark, Robert Violini, Francesca Carrera, Inés Front Vet Sci Veterinary Science Intervertebral disc disease, including intervertebral disc extrusions and protrusions, is the most common spinal cord disorder in dogs. Atypical and uncommon intervertebral disc herniations include intradural/intramedullary disc extrusion, intervertebral foraminal disc extrusion and intervertebral disc herniation (Schmorl's node). Intradural/extramedullary disc extrusion is the least common type of intervertebral disc herniation in veterinary medicine, characterized by extruded disc material within the intradural space. To date, only one study has been published in veterinary medicine reporting intradural/extramedullary disc extrusions. In this study, low field MRI was used, and the authors could not find any MRI features to diagnose with confidence an intradural/extramedullary disc location of the extruded disc material. The aim of this study was to describe the high field (1.5T) MRI characteristics of surgically confirmed intradural/extramedullary disc extrusions. This is a retrospective, multicentric and descriptive study. Inclusion criteria was surgical confirmation of intradural/extramedullary disc extrusion by durotomy and complete MRI study of the spine. Seven cases were included. Images were reviewed by a radiology resident and a certified radiologist, with emphasis on the following signs: “Golf-tee sign” (widening of the subarachnoid space cranial and caudal to the lesion), “Beak sign” (pointed and sharp compressive lesion) and “Y sign” (division of the dura and arachnoid layers). MRI showed a “Y sign” in all the cases (7/7) seen from the T2-weighted sagittal views, while “Golf-tee sign” was not recognized in any of the cases (0/7). Additionally, “beak sign” was present in half of the cases (4/7). “Y sign” maybe a reliable MRI feature for identifying intradural/medullary disc extrusions from the MRI study. As the arachnoid is peeled from the dura by the disc herniation there is a splitting of the arachnoid mater and the ventral dura. The intradural disc material will be surrounded by CSF signal intensity margin, giving the appearance of a Y, which can be identified from the T2-weighted sagittal images. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-14 /pmc/articles/PMC9517942/ /pubmed/36187811 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1003042 Text en Copyright © 2022 Casado, Fernandes, Lourinho, Gonçalves, Clark, Violini and Carrera. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Veterinary Science
Casado, David
Fernandes, Ricardo
Lourinho, Filipa
Gonçalves, Rita
Clark, Robert
Violini, Francesca
Carrera, Inés
Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
title Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
title_full Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
title_fullStr Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
title_full_unstemmed Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
title_short Magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
title_sort magnetic resonance imaging features of canine intradural/extramedullary intervertebral disc extrusion in seven cases
topic Veterinary Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9517942/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36187811
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1003042
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