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Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China

The Transfer Payment Policy of National Key Ecological Functional Areas (TPEFAP), a well-known ecological compensation (eco-compensation) scheme in China, has been proposed by the government to alleviate ecological poverty and protect the environment. In literature, the effectiveness of the TPEFAP o...

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Autores principales: Qin, Bingtao, Yu, Yongwei, Ge, Liming, Yang, Le, Guo, Yuanguo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518322/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710899
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author Qin, Bingtao
Yu, Yongwei
Ge, Liming
Yang, Le
Guo, Yuanguo
author_facet Qin, Bingtao
Yu, Yongwei
Ge, Liming
Yang, Le
Guo, Yuanguo
author_sort Qin, Bingtao
collection PubMed
description The Transfer Payment Policy of National Key Ecological Functional Areas (TPEFAP), a well-known ecological compensation (eco-compensation) scheme in China, has been proposed by the government to alleviate ecological poverty and protect the environment. In literature, the effectiveness of the TPEFAP on environmental conservation has been widely examined, while few pay attention to the effect of the TPEFAP on poverty alleviation, especially with the consideration of its spatial spillovers as well. In this paper, we utilize panel data covering the key ecological functional areas of China during the period 2011–2018 to evaluate the impact of the TPEFAP on poverty alleviation and also its spatial spillovers by employing the synthetic control method (SCM) and the dynamic spatial Durbin model, respectively. Specifically, we apply the entropy weight method (EWM) to calculate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and measure pro-poor effect in terms of MPI change. The results show that: (1) TPEFAP has stable positive effects on MPI in Hubei, Yunnan, Jilin, Gansu, and Ningxia, while the impact on Qinghai fluctuates. (2) MPI presents a significant spatial correlation. Furthermore, both the direct and indirect effects of TPEFAP on MPI are significant and stable positive, for both short- or long-term. (3) For potential channels, rural non-farm employment, rural labor mobility, and agricultural productivity are the key pathways through which the TPEFAP can alleviate poverty both in local and adjacent provinces. However, it is difficult to find significant positive spatial spillovers for the TPEFAP if only the natural resources scale is considered. This study indicates that the government should pay attention to the policy expectations of ecological poverty alleviation and, in future eco-compensation, must further increase the coverage of subsidies and diversify the forms of subsidies.
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spelling pubmed-95183222022-09-29 Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China Qin, Bingtao Yu, Yongwei Ge, Liming Yang, Le Guo, Yuanguo Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The Transfer Payment Policy of National Key Ecological Functional Areas (TPEFAP), a well-known ecological compensation (eco-compensation) scheme in China, has been proposed by the government to alleviate ecological poverty and protect the environment. In literature, the effectiveness of the TPEFAP on environmental conservation has been widely examined, while few pay attention to the effect of the TPEFAP on poverty alleviation, especially with the consideration of its spatial spillovers as well. In this paper, we utilize panel data covering the key ecological functional areas of China during the period 2011–2018 to evaluate the impact of the TPEFAP on poverty alleviation and also its spatial spillovers by employing the synthetic control method (SCM) and the dynamic spatial Durbin model, respectively. Specifically, we apply the entropy weight method (EWM) to calculate the multidimensional poverty index (MPI) and measure pro-poor effect in terms of MPI change. The results show that: (1) TPEFAP has stable positive effects on MPI in Hubei, Yunnan, Jilin, Gansu, and Ningxia, while the impact on Qinghai fluctuates. (2) MPI presents a significant spatial correlation. Furthermore, both the direct and indirect effects of TPEFAP on MPI are significant and stable positive, for both short- or long-term. (3) For potential channels, rural non-farm employment, rural labor mobility, and agricultural productivity are the key pathways through which the TPEFAP can alleviate poverty both in local and adjacent provinces. However, it is difficult to find significant positive spatial spillovers for the TPEFAP if only the natural resources scale is considered. This study indicates that the government should pay attention to the policy expectations of ecological poverty alleviation and, in future eco-compensation, must further increase the coverage of subsidies and diversify the forms of subsidies. MDPI 2022-09-01 /pmc/articles/PMC9518322/ /pubmed/36078613 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710899 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Qin, Bingtao
Yu, Yongwei
Ge, Liming
Yang, Le
Guo, Yuanguo
Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China
title Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China
title_full Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China
title_fullStr Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China
title_full_unstemmed Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China
title_short Does Eco-Compensation Alleviate Rural Poverty? New Evidence from National Key Ecological Function Areas in China
title_sort does eco-compensation alleviate rural poverty? new evidence from national key ecological function areas in china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518322/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078613
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710899
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