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Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe?
Objectives: The study aimed to measure the level of attitudes and the current practices of the female community in Brunei Darussalam regarding the usage of cosmetics. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach via the social media channels WhatsApp a...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518480/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710584 |
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author | Ming, Long Chiau Azmi, Nur Hafizah Raudhah Goh, Hui Poh Chaw, Li Ling Goh, Khang Wen Elkudssiah Ismail, Nahlah Paneerselvam, Ganesh Sritheran Hermansyah, Andi |
author_facet | Ming, Long Chiau Azmi, Nur Hafizah Raudhah Goh, Hui Poh Chaw, Li Ling Goh, Khang Wen Elkudssiah Ismail, Nahlah Paneerselvam, Ganesh Sritheran Hermansyah, Andi |
author_sort | Ming, Long Chiau |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objectives: The study aimed to measure the level of attitudes and the current practices of the female community in Brunei Darussalam regarding the usage of cosmetics. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach via the social media channels WhatsApp and Instagram. The inclusion criteria were female Bruneian citizens or permanent residents, aged between 18 and 65 years old, who can understand English or Malay, and use cosmetic products at least once a day. Results: A total of 445 participants responded to the online survey. Most of the participants agreed that the use of cosmetic products improves one’s physical appearance to the public (391, 87.8%) and also improves self-confidence (405, 91.1%). There were significant differences in monthly cosmetic product expenses and participants’ attitudes about safe cosmetic use (p = 0.001). No significant changes in the individuals’ attitudes based on their age or educational level were observed. Overall, the participants had a good level of cosmetic safety practice. Almost half of the participants use social media to obtain information regarding what cosmetics to use or purchase. Conclusion: There is a medium to high level of attitude and a high level of practice regarding the safe use of cosmetics among Bruneian female adults. Social media was the main source of information for the respondents, followed by friend circle and family members. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9518480 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95184802022-09-29 Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? Ming, Long Chiau Azmi, Nur Hafizah Raudhah Goh, Hui Poh Chaw, Li Ling Goh, Khang Wen Elkudssiah Ismail, Nahlah Paneerselvam, Ganesh Sritheran Hermansyah, Andi Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Objectives: The study aimed to measure the level of attitudes and the current practices of the female community in Brunei Darussalam regarding the usage of cosmetics. Methods: An online survey was conducted using a non-probabilistic snowball sampling approach via the social media channels WhatsApp and Instagram. The inclusion criteria were female Bruneian citizens or permanent residents, aged between 18 and 65 years old, who can understand English or Malay, and use cosmetic products at least once a day. Results: A total of 445 participants responded to the online survey. Most of the participants agreed that the use of cosmetic products improves one’s physical appearance to the public (391, 87.8%) and also improves self-confidence (405, 91.1%). There were significant differences in monthly cosmetic product expenses and participants’ attitudes about safe cosmetic use (p = 0.001). No significant changes in the individuals’ attitudes based on their age or educational level were observed. Overall, the participants had a good level of cosmetic safety practice. Almost half of the participants use social media to obtain information regarding what cosmetics to use or purchase. Conclusion: There is a medium to high level of attitude and a high level of practice regarding the safe use of cosmetics among Bruneian female adults. Social media was the main source of information for the respondents, followed by friend circle and family members. MDPI 2022-08-25 /pmc/articles/PMC9518480/ /pubmed/36078298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710584 Text en © 2022 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ming, Long Chiau Azmi, Nur Hafizah Raudhah Goh, Hui Poh Chaw, Li Ling Goh, Khang Wen Elkudssiah Ismail, Nahlah Paneerselvam, Ganesh Sritheran Hermansyah, Andi Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? |
title | Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? |
title_full | Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? |
title_fullStr | Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? |
title_full_unstemmed | Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? |
title_short | Cosmetics: What Do Bruneian Female Adults Believe? |
title_sort | cosmetics: what do bruneian female adults believe? |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518480/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36078298 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191710584 |
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