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Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the association between stigma and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients with TMDs were recruited, and they completed the questionnaires including the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), Generali...

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Autores principales: Zhu, Rui, Zhang, Li, Zheng, Yun-Hao, Zhang, Zi-Han, Zhang, Li-Ming, Yang, Hao-Lun, Yue, Yuan, Xiong, Xin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Hindawi 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9519306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212051
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2803540
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author Zhu, Rui
Zhang, Li
Zheng, Yun-Hao
Zhang, Zi-Han
Zhang, Li-Ming
Yang, Hao-Lun
Yue, Yuan
Xiong, Xin
author_facet Zhu, Rui
Zhang, Li
Zheng, Yun-Hao
Zhang, Zi-Han
Zhang, Li-Ming
Yang, Hao-Lun
Yue, Yuan
Xiong, Xin
author_sort Zhu, Rui
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the association between stigma and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients with TMDs were recruited, and they completed the questionnaires including the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 8-item (JFLS-8), the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 8-item (SSCI-8), and other demographic and disease-related information. The total score of SSCI-8 indicated overall stigma, which could be classified into 2 subdomains, felt stigma and enacted stigma, according to their representative items, respectively. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups in each subdomain of stigma according to their scores: stigma group (score ≥ 1) and no stigma group (score = 0). RESULTS: Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma presented significantly higher scores in VAS, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8 than those without overall stigma and those without enacted stigma, respectively. Significant differences between patients with and without felt stigma were only observed in GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8. Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma mainly suffered from pain-related TMDs (PTs) and combined TMDs (CTs). Overall stigma and enacted stigma rather than felt stigma were significantly associated with both PTs and CTs. Stigma, including overall stigma, enacted stigma, and felt stigma, was more associated with anxiety and depression and less related to jaw functional limitation of the patients with TMDs. CONCLUSION: Stigma, specifically enacted stigma, was correlated to pain in patients with TMDs. Stigma was more related to psychological problems than jaw functional limitation.
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spelling pubmed-95193062022-10-07 Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders Zhu, Rui Zhang, Li Zheng, Yun-Hao Zhang, Zi-Han Zhang, Li-Ming Yang, Hao-Lun Yue, Yuan Xiong, Xin Int J Clin Pract Research Article OBJECTIVE: This study aims to explore the association between stigma and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMDs). METHODS: Two hundred and twenty-five patients with TMDs were recruited, and they completed the questionnaires including the Visual Analogue Scale of Pain (VAS), Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item (GAD-7), the Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), Jaw Functional Limitation Scale 8-item (JFLS-8), the Stigma Scale for Chronic Illness 8-item (SSCI-8), and other demographic and disease-related information. The total score of SSCI-8 indicated overall stigma, which could be classified into 2 subdomains, felt stigma and enacted stigma, according to their representative items, respectively. Then, the patients were divided into 2 groups in each subdomain of stigma according to their scores: stigma group (score ≥ 1) and no stigma group (score = 0). RESULTS: Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma presented significantly higher scores in VAS, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8 than those without overall stigma and those without enacted stigma, respectively. Significant differences between patients with and without felt stigma were only observed in GAD-7, PHQ-9, and JFLS-8. Patients with overall stigma and enacted stigma mainly suffered from pain-related TMDs (PTs) and combined TMDs (CTs). Overall stigma and enacted stigma rather than felt stigma were significantly associated with both PTs and CTs. Stigma, including overall stigma, enacted stigma, and felt stigma, was more associated with anxiety and depression and less related to jaw functional limitation of the patients with TMDs. CONCLUSION: Stigma, specifically enacted stigma, was correlated to pain in patients with TMDs. Stigma was more related to psychological problems than jaw functional limitation. Hindawi 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9519306/ /pubmed/36212051 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2803540 Text en Copyright © 2022 Rui Zhu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhu, Rui
Zhang, Li
Zheng, Yun-Hao
Zhang, Zi-Han
Zhang, Li-Ming
Yang, Hao-Lun
Yue, Yuan
Xiong, Xin
Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
title Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
title_full Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
title_fullStr Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
title_short Association between Stigma and Pain in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders
title_sort association between stigma and pain in patients with temporomandibular disorders
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9519306/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212051
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2803540
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