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The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula
The Nodulus and Uvula (NU) (lobules X and IX of the cerebellar vermis) form a prominent center of vestibular information processing. Over decades, fundamental and clinical research on the NU has uncovered many aspects of its function. Those include the resolution of a sensory ambiguity inherent to i...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9520001/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36185824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.886284 |
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author | Laurens, Jean |
author_facet | Laurens, Jean |
author_sort | Laurens, Jean |
collection | PubMed |
description | The Nodulus and Uvula (NU) (lobules X and IX of the cerebellar vermis) form a prominent center of vestibular information processing. Over decades, fundamental and clinical research on the NU has uncovered many aspects of its function. Those include the resolution of a sensory ambiguity inherent to inertial sensors in the inner ear, the otolith organs; the use of gravity signals to sense head rotations; and the differential processing of self-generated and externally imposed head motion. Here, I review these works in the context of a theoretical framework of information processing called the internal model hypothesis. I propose that the NU implements a forward internal model to predict the activation of the otoliths, and outputs sensory predictions errors to correct internal estimates of self-motion or to drive learning. I show that a Kalman filter based on this framework accounts for various functions of the NU, neurophysiological findings, as well as the clinical consequences of NU lesions. This highlights the role of the NU in processing information from the otoliths and supports its denomination as the “otolith” vermis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9520001 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95200012022-09-30 The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula Laurens, Jean Front Syst Neurosci Neuroscience The Nodulus and Uvula (NU) (lobules X and IX of the cerebellar vermis) form a prominent center of vestibular information processing. Over decades, fundamental and clinical research on the NU has uncovered many aspects of its function. Those include the resolution of a sensory ambiguity inherent to inertial sensors in the inner ear, the otolith organs; the use of gravity signals to sense head rotations; and the differential processing of self-generated and externally imposed head motion. Here, I review these works in the context of a theoretical framework of information processing called the internal model hypothesis. I propose that the NU implements a forward internal model to predict the activation of the otoliths, and outputs sensory predictions errors to correct internal estimates of self-motion or to drive learning. I show that a Kalman filter based on this framework accounts for various functions of the NU, neurophysiological findings, as well as the clinical consequences of NU lesions. This highlights the role of the NU in processing information from the otoliths and supports its denomination as the “otolith” vermis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9520001/ /pubmed/36185824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.886284 Text en Copyright © 2022 Laurens. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Laurens, Jean The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula |
title | The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula |
title_full | The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula |
title_fullStr | The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula |
title_full_unstemmed | The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula |
title_short | The otolith vermis: A systems neuroscience theory of the Nodulus and Uvula |
title_sort | otolith vermis: a systems neuroscience theory of the nodulus and uvula |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9520001/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36185824 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.886284 |
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