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Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data
Providing comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) in schools is a work in progress in many countries throughout the world. In some countries, the journey is just beginning; in others, investments in this field have been made for many years. It is and has been difficult in Pakistan to implement and p...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9521423/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36186309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864465 |
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author | Ahmed, Furqan Schumacher, Janina Ahmad, Ghufran Brand, Tilman |
author_facet | Ahmed, Furqan Schumacher, Janina Ahmad, Ghufran Brand, Tilman |
author_sort | Ahmed, Furqan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Providing comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) in schools is a work in progress in many countries throughout the world. In some countries, the journey is just beginning; in others, investments in this field have been made for many years. It is and has been difficult in Pakistan to implement and promote reproductive health, women’s empowerment, and CSE. In Pakistan, previous implementation efforts revealed the critical role of community influencers in propagating misleading information about the initiatives, inciting organized community resistance, and provoking backlash. This paper looked at several aspects of community resistance, as well as approaches for overcoming the resistance for increasing community engagement in the implementation of CSE in Islamabad, Pakistan. To analyze community perceptions of CSE implementation in Islamabad, the community readiness assessment (CRA) questionnaire was adapted. Questions and prompts for discussion included leadership, current initiatives, community knowledge, resource availability, community support, and implementation strategies. A total of 35 in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed and interpreted using qualitative content analysis to explore community perspectives that contribute to resistance around CSE, as well as implementation options. Using inter-code relationship data, network analysis was conducted to provide a graphical representation of the analyzed qualitative data. The study reveals community resistance to CSE being implemented in schools. Misconceptions, a lack of awareness, a lack of priority, and the lack of dedicated resources are just a few of the primary implementation challenges to consider when implementing CSE in practice. Network analysis identified, based on modularity class, five distinct clusters of highly connected nodes/codes: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), misconceptions, resources and policy, strategies and community support, and personal social and health education (PSHE) and current efforts. In conservative environments and when confronted with resistance, innovative marketing and rebranding are critical for priority setting and community engagement, especially when developing curriculum and implementing CSE. Some of the suggested strategies for implementation include community sensitization through strategic awareness campaigns, involving already established infrastructure and NGOs, endorsement by all major stakeholders, particularly decision-makers, and the use of creative digital platforms for better dissemination. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9521423 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95214232022-09-30 Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data Ahmed, Furqan Schumacher, Janina Ahmad, Ghufran Brand, Tilman Front Psychol Psychology Providing comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) in schools is a work in progress in many countries throughout the world. In some countries, the journey is just beginning; in others, investments in this field have been made for many years. It is and has been difficult in Pakistan to implement and promote reproductive health, women’s empowerment, and CSE. In Pakistan, previous implementation efforts revealed the critical role of community influencers in propagating misleading information about the initiatives, inciting organized community resistance, and provoking backlash. This paper looked at several aspects of community resistance, as well as approaches for overcoming the resistance for increasing community engagement in the implementation of CSE in Islamabad, Pakistan. To analyze community perceptions of CSE implementation in Islamabad, the community readiness assessment (CRA) questionnaire was adapted. Questions and prompts for discussion included leadership, current initiatives, community knowledge, resource availability, community support, and implementation strategies. A total of 35 in-depth interviews were conducted. Data was analyzed and interpreted using qualitative content analysis to explore community perspectives that contribute to resistance around CSE, as well as implementation options. Using inter-code relationship data, network analysis was conducted to provide a graphical representation of the analyzed qualitative data. The study reveals community resistance to CSE being implemented in schools. Misconceptions, a lack of awareness, a lack of priority, and the lack of dedicated resources are just a few of the primary implementation challenges to consider when implementing CSE in practice. Network analysis identified, based on modularity class, five distinct clusters of highly connected nodes/codes: non-governmental organizations (NGOs), misconceptions, resources and policy, strategies and community support, and personal social and health education (PSHE) and current efforts. In conservative environments and when confronted with resistance, innovative marketing and rebranding are critical for priority setting and community engagement, especially when developing curriculum and implementing CSE. Some of the suggested strategies for implementation include community sensitization through strategic awareness campaigns, involving already established infrastructure and NGOs, endorsement by all major stakeholders, particularly decision-makers, and the use of creative digital platforms for better dissemination. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9521423/ /pubmed/36186309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864465 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ahmed, Schumacher, Ahmad and Brand. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Ahmed, Furqan Schumacher, Janina Ahmad, Ghufran Brand, Tilman Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data |
title | Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data |
title_full | Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data |
title_fullStr | Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data |
title_full_unstemmed | Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data |
title_short | Understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in Pakistan: A content and network analysis of qualitative data |
title_sort | understanding community resistance to sexuality education and exploring prospective implementation strategies in pakistan: a content and network analysis of qualitative data |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9521423/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36186309 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.864465 |
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