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Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit
Chlorophylls and carotenoids are synthesized in the chloroplast and chromoplast, respectively. Even though the two pigments are generated from the same precursor, the genetic correlation between chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis has not yet been fully understood. We investigated the genetic co...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9521427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36186014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.922963 |
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author | Jang, Siyoung Kim, Geon Woo Han, Koeun Kim, Young Min Jo, Jinkwan Lee, Seo-Young Kwon, Jin-Kyung Kang, Byoung-Cheorl |
author_facet | Jang, Siyoung Kim, Geon Woo Han, Koeun Kim, Young Min Jo, Jinkwan Lee, Seo-Young Kwon, Jin-Kyung Kang, Byoung-Cheorl |
author_sort | Jang, Siyoung |
collection | PubMed |
description | Chlorophylls and carotenoids are synthesized in the chloroplast and chromoplast, respectively. Even though the two pigments are generated from the same precursor, the genetic correlation between chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis has not yet been fully understood. We investigated the genetic correlation of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. Two recombinant inbred lines populations, “Long Sweet” × “AC2212” (“LA”) RILs derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum “Long Sweet” with light-green and light-red fruit and C. annuum “AC2212” with dark-green and brown-fruit and “3501 (F)” × “3509 (C)” (“FC”) RILs from C. annuum “3501” with dark-green and dark-red fruit and C. annuum “3509” with intermediate green and light-red fruit, were used. As the fruit ripened, three accessions produced high levels of xanthophyll. The dark-green immature fruit accumulated more total carotenoids than the light-green fruit. This trend corresponded to the expression pattern of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and CaGLK2 genes during fruit development. The expression levels of DXS and CaGLK2 in the dark-green accession “3501” were significantly higher than those of “3509” and “Long Sweet” during the early stages of fruit development. Furthermore, the genotype analysis of the transcription factor controlling chloroplast development (CaGLK2) in LA RILs revealed that CaGLK2 expression affected both carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage maps were constructed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for the two populations, and QTL analysis was performed for green fruit color intensity and carotenoid content. The QTL (LA_BG-CST10) for capsanthin content in LA RILs located at 24.4 to 100.4 Mbp on chromosome 10 was overlapped with the QTL (FC15-Cap10) for capsanthin content in FC RILs. Three QTLs for capsanthin content, American spice trade association (ASTA) value, and immature green fruit color intensity were also overlapped from 178.2 to 204 Mbp on chromosome 10. At the location, 151.6 to 165 Mbp on chromosome 8, QTLs (FC15-tcar8, FC17-ASTA8.1, and FC17-ASTA8.2) for total carotenoid content and ASTA value were discovered, and this region contained 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (MCT), which is involved in the MEP pathway. This result is the first report to show the correlation between carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis in pepper. This research will expand our understanding of the mechanism of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition and the development of high pigment pepper varieties. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9521427 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95214272022-09-30 Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit Jang, Siyoung Kim, Geon Woo Han, Koeun Kim, Young Min Jo, Jinkwan Lee, Seo-Young Kwon, Jin-Kyung Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Front Plant Sci Plant Science Chlorophylls and carotenoids are synthesized in the chloroplast and chromoplast, respectively. Even though the two pigments are generated from the same precursor, the genetic correlation between chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis has not yet been fully understood. We investigated the genetic correlation of chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis during fruit ripening. Two recombinant inbred lines populations, “Long Sweet” × “AC2212” (“LA”) RILs derived from a cross between Capsicum annuum “Long Sweet” with light-green and light-red fruit and C. annuum “AC2212” with dark-green and brown-fruit and “3501 (F)” × “3509 (C)” (“FC”) RILs from C. annuum “3501” with dark-green and dark-red fruit and C. annuum “3509” with intermediate green and light-red fruit, were used. As the fruit ripened, three accessions produced high levels of xanthophyll. The dark-green immature fruit accumulated more total carotenoids than the light-green fruit. This trend corresponded to the expression pattern of 1-deoxy-d-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXS) and CaGLK2 genes during fruit development. The expression levels of DXS and CaGLK2 in the dark-green accession “3501” were significantly higher than those of “3509” and “Long Sweet” during the early stages of fruit development. Furthermore, the genotype analysis of the transcription factor controlling chloroplast development (CaGLK2) in LA RILs revealed that CaGLK2 expression affected both carotenoid and chlorophyll contents. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) linkage maps were constructed using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for the two populations, and QTL analysis was performed for green fruit color intensity and carotenoid content. The QTL (LA_BG-CST10) for capsanthin content in LA RILs located at 24.4 to 100.4 Mbp on chromosome 10 was overlapped with the QTL (FC15-Cap10) for capsanthin content in FC RILs. Three QTLs for capsanthin content, American spice trade association (ASTA) value, and immature green fruit color intensity were also overlapped from 178.2 to 204 Mbp on chromosome 10. At the location, 151.6 to 165 Mbp on chromosome 8, QTLs (FC15-tcar8, FC17-ASTA8.1, and FC17-ASTA8.2) for total carotenoid content and ASTA value were discovered, and this region contained 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol 4-phosphate cytidylyltransferase (MCT), which is involved in the MEP pathway. This result is the first report to show the correlation between carotenoid and chlorophyll biosynthesis in pepper. This research will expand our understanding of the mechanism of the chloroplast-to-chromoplast transition and the development of high pigment pepper varieties. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC9521427/ /pubmed/36186014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.922963 Text en Copyright © 2022 Jang, Kim, Han, Kim, Jo, Lee, Kwon and Kang. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science Jang, Siyoung Kim, Geon Woo Han, Koeun Kim, Young Min Jo, Jinkwan Lee, Seo-Young Kwon, Jin-Kyung Kang, Byoung-Cheorl Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
title | Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
title_full | Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
title_fullStr | Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
title_short | Investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
title_sort | investigation of genetic factors regulating chlorophyll and carotenoid biosynthesis in red pepper fruit |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9521427/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36186014 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.922963 |
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