Investigation into the potential mechanism and molecular targets of Fufang Xueshuantong capsule for the treatment of ischemic stroke based on network pharmacology and molecular docking

Fufang Xueshuantong (FFXST) capsule is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation used to activate blood circulation, resolve stasis, benefit qi, and nourish yin in clinical practice. However, its potential mechanism and molecular targets after ischemic stroke (IS) have not been investigated. The aim of this research was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of FFXST in the treatment of IS based on network pharmacology and molecular docking. We used the Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP) to collect candidate compounds of four herbs in FFXST; disease-related differential genes were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and a compound–disease network was created using Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. The topological analysis of the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was then created to determine the candidate targets of FFXST against IS. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted using the clusterProfiler package in R. The gene–pathway network of FFXST against IS was created to obtain the key target genes. Molecular docking was used to validate the core targets using AutoDock Vina 1.1.2. A total of 455 candidate compounds of FFXST and 18,544 disease-related differential genes were screened. Among them, FFXST targets for IS treatment had 67 active compounds and 10 targets in the PPI network related to STAT1, STAT3, and HIF1A. The biological processes of GO analysis included the regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process, cellular response to chemical stress, regulation of angiogenesis, regulation of vasculature development, positive regulation of cytokine production, and response to oxidative stress. The KEGG enrichment analysis showed that Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus infection, microRNAs in the cancer signaling pathway, Th17 cell differentiation, and HIF-1 signaling pathway were significantly enriched. The network pharmacology outcomes were further verified by molecular docking. We demonstrated that FFXST protection against IS may relate to the regulation of oxidative stress, immune inflammatory response, and angiogenesis through the relevant signaling pathways. Our study systematically illustrated the application of network pharmacology and molecular docking in evaluating characteristics of multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway of FFXST for IS.