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Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals
Due to several centuries of ongoing mining activities, Middle Spiš (Slovakia) is one of the areas with a damaged environment. The contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Hg were determined in the soils and home-grown vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes). Except for Pb, the contents of heavy...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9525606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36180568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20847-8 |
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author | Musilová, Janette Franková, Hana Lidiková, Judita Chlpík, Juraj Vollmannová, Alena Árvay, Július Harangozo, Ľuboš Urminská, Jana Tóth, Tomáš |
author_facet | Musilová, Janette Franková, Hana Lidiková, Judita Chlpík, Juraj Vollmannová, Alena Árvay, Július Harangozo, Ľuboš Urminská, Jana Tóth, Tomáš |
author_sort | Musilová, Janette |
collection | PubMed |
description | Due to several centuries of ongoing mining activities, Middle Spiš (Slovakia) is one of the areas with a damaged environment. The contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Hg were determined in the soils and home-grown vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes). Except for Pb, the contents of heavy metals in the soils of some plots were higher than the limit values. Based on the values of Contamination factor (C(f)), Degree of contamination (C(deg)), Geo-accumulation index (I(geo)), and Pollution load index (PLI), very high Fe, Cd, and Hg contamination (C(f) ≥ 6), very high soil contamination (C(deg) ≥ 20), extremely heavy Fe and Hg contamination (I(geo) > 5), resp. moderately pollution to non-pollution (1 < PLI ≤ 2) was found in all plots. In vegetable samples, the maximum levels were exceeded for Cu, Pb, Hg (potato), Pb (carrot, tomato), and Hg (carrot, plot E). Bioaccumulation factor values BAF > 1 were for Cu (carrots, potatoes). Estimated daily intake values for all heavy metals were lower than their tolerable daily intake. Chronic daily intake of heavy metals ranged 2.495E−06 (Hg)—0.1416 (Fe) mg/kg/day. Based on Hazard index values, potato consumption poses a risk (0.8068–1.3057). The results showed that the monitoring of soils and cultivated production is necessary for the investigated area. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9525606 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95256062022-10-02 Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals Musilová, Janette Franková, Hana Lidiková, Judita Chlpík, Juraj Vollmannová, Alena Árvay, Július Harangozo, Ľuboš Urminská, Jana Tóth, Tomáš Sci Rep Article Due to several centuries of ongoing mining activities, Middle Spiš (Slovakia) is one of the areas with a damaged environment. The contents of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Hg were determined in the soils and home-grown vegetables (potatoes, carrots, tomatoes). Except for Pb, the contents of heavy metals in the soils of some plots were higher than the limit values. Based on the values of Contamination factor (C(f)), Degree of contamination (C(deg)), Geo-accumulation index (I(geo)), and Pollution load index (PLI), very high Fe, Cd, and Hg contamination (C(f) ≥ 6), very high soil contamination (C(deg) ≥ 20), extremely heavy Fe and Hg contamination (I(geo) > 5), resp. moderately pollution to non-pollution (1 < PLI ≤ 2) was found in all plots. In vegetable samples, the maximum levels were exceeded for Cu, Pb, Hg (potato), Pb (carrot, tomato), and Hg (carrot, plot E). Bioaccumulation factor values BAF > 1 were for Cu (carrots, potatoes). Estimated daily intake values for all heavy metals were lower than their tolerable daily intake. Chronic daily intake of heavy metals ranged 2.495E−06 (Hg)—0.1416 (Fe) mg/kg/day. Based on Hazard index values, potato consumption poses a risk (0.8068–1.3057). The results showed that the monitoring of soils and cultivated production is necessary for the investigated area. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9525606/ /pubmed/36180568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20847-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Musilová, Janette Franková, Hana Lidiková, Judita Chlpík, Juraj Vollmannová, Alena Árvay, Július Harangozo, Ľuboš Urminská, Jana Tóth, Tomáš Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
title | Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
title_full | Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
title_fullStr | Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
title_short | Impact of old environmental burden in the Spiš region (Slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
title_sort | impact of old environmental burden in the spiš region (slovakia) on soil and home-grown vegetable contamination, and health effects of heavy metals |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9525606/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36180568 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-20847-8 |
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