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Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size
Spherical SiO(2) nanoparticles (SSNs) have been inventively synthesized using the Stöber method with sonication at medium–high frequencies (80, 120, and 500 kHz), aiming to control SSN size and shorten reaction time. Compared to the conventional method, such sonication allowed the Stöber reaction co...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36182836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106181 |
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author | Liu, Xiaolin Wu, Zhilin Manzoli, Maela Jicsinszky, László Cavalli, Roberta Battaglia, Luigi Cravotto, Giancarlo |
author_facet | Liu, Xiaolin Wu, Zhilin Manzoli, Maela Jicsinszky, László Cavalli, Roberta Battaglia, Luigi Cravotto, Giancarlo |
author_sort | Liu, Xiaolin |
collection | PubMed |
description | Spherical SiO(2) nanoparticles (SSNs) have been inventively synthesized using the Stöber method with sonication at medium–high frequencies (80, 120, and 500 kHz), aiming to control SSN size and shorten reaction time. Compared to the conventional method, such sonication allowed the Stöber reaction complete in 20–60 min with a low molar ratio of NH(4)OH/tetraethyl orthosilicate (0.84). The hydrodynamic diameters of 63–117 nm of SSNs were obtained under sonication with 80, 120, and 500 kHz of ultrasonic frequencies. Moreover, the SSNs obtained were smaller at 120 kHz than at 80 kHz in a multi-frequencies ultrasonic reactor, and the SSN size decreased with increasing ultrasonic power at 20 °C, designating the sonochemical unique character, namely, the SSN-size control is associated with the number of microbubbles originated by sonication. With another 500 kHz ultrasonic bath, the optimal system temperature for producing smaller SSNs was proven to be 20 °C. Also, the SSN size decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. The smallest SSNs (63 nm, hydrodynamic diameter by QELS, or 21 nm by FESEM) were obtained by sonication at 207 W for 20 min at 20 °C. Furthermore, the SSN size increased slightly with increasing sonication time and volume, favoring the scale-up of SSNs preparation. The mechanisms of controlling the SSN size were further discussed by the radical’s role and effects of ammonia and ethanol concentration. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9526221 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95262212022-10-02 Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size Liu, Xiaolin Wu, Zhilin Manzoli, Maela Jicsinszky, László Cavalli, Roberta Battaglia, Luigi Cravotto, Giancarlo Ultrason Sonochem Short Communication Spherical SiO(2) nanoparticles (SSNs) have been inventively synthesized using the Stöber method with sonication at medium–high frequencies (80, 120, and 500 kHz), aiming to control SSN size and shorten reaction time. Compared to the conventional method, such sonication allowed the Stöber reaction complete in 20–60 min with a low molar ratio of NH(4)OH/tetraethyl orthosilicate (0.84). The hydrodynamic diameters of 63–117 nm of SSNs were obtained under sonication with 80, 120, and 500 kHz of ultrasonic frequencies. Moreover, the SSNs obtained were smaller at 120 kHz than at 80 kHz in a multi-frequencies ultrasonic reactor, and the SSN size decreased with increasing ultrasonic power at 20 °C, designating the sonochemical unique character, namely, the SSN-size control is associated with the number of microbubbles originated by sonication. With another 500 kHz ultrasonic bath, the optimal system temperature for producing smaller SSNs was proven to be 20 °C. Also, the SSN size decreased with increasing ultrasonic power. The smallest SSNs (63 nm, hydrodynamic diameter by QELS, or 21 nm by FESEM) were obtained by sonication at 207 W for 20 min at 20 °C. Furthermore, the SSN size increased slightly with increasing sonication time and volume, favoring the scale-up of SSNs preparation. The mechanisms of controlling the SSN size were further discussed by the radical’s role and effects of ammonia and ethanol concentration. Elsevier 2022-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC9526221/ /pubmed/36182836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106181 Text en © 2022 Published by Elsevier B.V. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Short Communication Liu, Xiaolin Wu, Zhilin Manzoli, Maela Jicsinszky, László Cavalli, Roberta Battaglia, Luigi Cravotto, Giancarlo Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size |
title | Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size |
title_full | Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size |
title_fullStr | Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size |
title_full_unstemmed | Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size |
title_short | Medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-SiO(2) nanoparticle size |
title_sort | medium-high frequency sonication dominates spherical-sio(2) nanoparticle size |
topic | Short Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9526221/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36182836 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultsonch.2022.106181 |
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