Factors associated with the oral health-related quality of life of patients with temporomandibular disorder at the final follow-up visit: a cross-sectional study

OBJECTIVES: To determine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) patients at the final follow-up visit, and to investigate the associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study comprised 227 TMD patients. Dependent variable was OHRQoL determined by telephone interview using the 14-item Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire after the final follow-up visit. Independent variables were collected from dental records, comprising age, sex, treatment duration, diagnosis, clinical parameters (mouth-opening distances), and pain perception. TMD patients were diagnosed as having masticatory muscle disorders (TMDM), temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDJ), or combined muscle and TMJ disorders (TMDC). Bivariate analyses and multivariable linear regression were used to analyze the factors associated with OHIP-14 scores. RESULTS: Bivariate analyses demonstrated higher OHIP-14 scores in younger patients, females, having TMDC, and lower mouth-opening distance. Multivariable analysis demonstrated the association of higher OHIP-14 scores with being younger and having TMDC. Participants with TMDC demonstrated greater improvement in unassisted mouth-opening distance, compared with the other clinical diagnosis groups. CONCLUSIONS: At the final follow-up visit, oral health impact problems were reported mainly in physical pain and psychological discomfort domains. Better OHRQoL was found in older, and TMDM or TMDJ patients.