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Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey

BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and entertainment have increased significantly due to strict isolation and frequent lockdowns. This study intended to explore the prevalence and potential factors associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) among the postsecondary student...

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Autores principales: Roy, Simanta, Sharif, Azaz Bin, Chowdhury, Sreshtha, Iktidar, Mohammad Azmain
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BMJ Publishing Group 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9527743/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001118
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author Roy, Simanta
Sharif, Azaz Bin
Chowdhury, Sreshtha
Iktidar, Mohammad Azmain
author_facet Roy, Simanta
Sharif, Azaz Bin
Chowdhury, Sreshtha
Iktidar, Mohammad Azmain
author_sort Roy, Simanta
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and entertainment have increased significantly due to strict isolation and frequent lockdowns. This study intended to explore the prevalence and potential factors associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) among the postsecondary students of Bangladesh pursuing online education. METHODS: In total, there were 917 postsecondary students participated in this study. Information on sociodemographic variables, and CVS symptom-related variables were collected using a prevalidated self-administered questionnaire. The CVS questionnaire was used to assess an individual’s CVS status. The bivariate association between CVS and other categorical variables was obtained using a χ(2) test. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore variables associated with the CVS. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CVS was 68.16%. Most common symptoms were headache (42.4%), feeling of worsening eyesight (23.2%), and eye pain (23.2%). CVS was associated with educational status (p=0.03), family history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), personal history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), usage of eye accessories (p<0.001), type of device used for online education (p<0.01), average daily use (p<0.01), and usage pattern (p=0.02). After adjusting for confounders, CVS was significantly related to the use of mobile or tablet (adjusted OR, AOR 8.954, 95% CI 1.57 to 51.063), continuing online education for more than 12 hours/day without any break or insufficient break (AOR 7.654, 95% CI 1.625 to 36.053), and previous family (AOR 3.189, 95% CI 1.751 to 5.811) or personal history of eye problems or headaches, or insomnia (AOR 6.214, 95% CI 2.783 to 13.878). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of CVS was observed among the post-secondary students in Bangladesh. Since an extensive use of digital screens is somewhat unavoidable during unprecedented times, such as COVID-19, educators should include CVS awareness and prevention in their curricula.
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spelling pubmed-95277432022-10-03 Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey Roy, Simanta Sharif, Azaz Bin Chowdhury, Sreshtha Iktidar, Mohammad Azmain BMJ Open Ophthalmol Original Research BACKGROUND: During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and entertainment have increased significantly due to strict isolation and frequent lockdowns. This study intended to explore the prevalence and potential factors associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) among the postsecondary students of Bangladesh pursuing online education. METHODS: In total, there were 917 postsecondary students participated in this study. Information on sociodemographic variables, and CVS symptom-related variables were collected using a prevalidated self-administered questionnaire. The CVS questionnaire was used to assess an individual’s CVS status. The bivariate association between CVS and other categorical variables was obtained using a χ(2) test. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore variables associated with the CVS. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of CVS was 68.16%. Most common symptoms were headache (42.4%), feeling of worsening eyesight (23.2%), and eye pain (23.2%). CVS was associated with educational status (p=0.03), family history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), personal history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), usage of eye accessories (p<0.001), type of device used for online education (p<0.01), average daily use (p<0.01), and usage pattern (p=0.02). After adjusting for confounders, CVS was significantly related to the use of mobile or tablet (adjusted OR, AOR 8.954, 95% CI 1.57 to 51.063), continuing online education for more than 12 hours/day without any break or insufficient break (AOR 7.654, 95% CI 1.625 to 36.053), and previous family (AOR 3.189, 95% CI 1.751 to 5.811) or personal history of eye problems or headaches, or insomnia (AOR 6.214, 95% CI 2.783 to 13.878). CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of CVS was observed among the post-secondary students in Bangladesh. Since an extensive use of digital screens is somewhat unavoidable during unprecedented times, such as COVID-19, educators should include CVS awareness and prevention in their curricula. BMJ Publishing Group 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9527743/ http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001118 Text en © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Research
Roy, Simanta
Sharif, Azaz Bin
Chowdhury, Sreshtha
Iktidar, Mohammad Azmain
Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
title Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
title_full Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
title_fullStr Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
title_full_unstemmed Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
title_short Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
title_sort unavoidable online education due to covid-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9527743/
http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001118
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