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Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors
The specific recognition of pathogen effectors by intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) is an important component of plant immunity. NLRs have a conserved modular architecture and can be subdivided according to their signaling domain that is mostly a coiled...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Portland Press Ltd.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9528088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35735291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/EBC20210079 |
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author | Xi, Yuxuan Cesari, Stella Kroj, Thomas |
author_facet | Xi, Yuxuan Cesari, Stella Kroj, Thomas |
author_sort | Xi, Yuxuan |
collection | PubMed |
description | The specific recognition of pathogen effectors by intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) is an important component of plant immunity. NLRs have a conserved modular architecture and can be subdivided according to their signaling domain that is mostly a coiled-coil (CC) or a Toll/Interleukin1 receptor (TIR) domain into CNLs and TNLs. Single NLR proteins are often sufficient for both effector recognition and immune activation. However, sometimes, they act in pairs, where two different NLRs are required for disease resistance. Functional studies have revealed that in these cases one NLR of the pair acts as a sensor (sNLR) and one as a helper (hNLR). The genes corresponding to such resistance protein pairs with one-to-one functional co-dependence are clustered, generally with a head-to-head orientation and shared promoter sequences. sNLRs in such functional NLR pairs have additional, non-canonical and highly diverse domains integrated in their conserved modular architecture, which are thought to act as decoys to trap effectors. Recent structure–function studies on the Arabidopsis thaliana TNL pair RRS1/RPS4 and on the rice CNL pairs RGA4/RGA5 and Pik-1/Pik-2 are unraveling how such protein pairs function together. Focusing on these model NLR pairs and other recent examples, this review highlights the distinctive features of NLR pairs and their various fascinating mode of action in pathogen effector perception. We also discuss how these findings on NLR pairs pave the way toward improved plant disease resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9528088 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Portland Press Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95280882022-10-12 Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors Xi, Yuxuan Cesari, Stella Kroj, Thomas Essays Biochem Plant Biology The specific recognition of pathogen effectors by intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) is an important component of plant immunity. NLRs have a conserved modular architecture and can be subdivided according to their signaling domain that is mostly a coiled-coil (CC) or a Toll/Interleukin1 receptor (TIR) domain into CNLs and TNLs. Single NLR proteins are often sufficient for both effector recognition and immune activation. However, sometimes, they act in pairs, where two different NLRs are required for disease resistance. Functional studies have revealed that in these cases one NLR of the pair acts as a sensor (sNLR) and one as a helper (hNLR). The genes corresponding to such resistance protein pairs with one-to-one functional co-dependence are clustered, generally with a head-to-head orientation and shared promoter sequences. sNLRs in such functional NLR pairs have additional, non-canonical and highly diverse domains integrated in their conserved modular architecture, which are thought to act as decoys to trap effectors. Recent structure–function studies on the Arabidopsis thaliana TNL pair RRS1/RPS4 and on the rice CNL pairs RGA4/RGA5 and Pik-1/Pik-2 are unraveling how such protein pairs function together. Focusing on these model NLR pairs and other recent examples, this review highlights the distinctive features of NLR pairs and their various fascinating mode of action in pathogen effector perception. We also discuss how these findings on NLR pairs pave the way toward improved plant disease resistance. Portland Press Ltd. 2022-09 2022-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC9528088/ /pubmed/35735291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/EBC20210079 Text en © 2022 The Author(s). https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CC BY) (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Plant Biology Xi, Yuxuan Cesari, Stella Kroj, Thomas Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors |
title | Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors |
title_full | Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors |
title_fullStr | Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors |
title_full_unstemmed | Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors |
title_short | Insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired NLR immune receptors |
title_sort | insight into the structure and molecular mode of action of plant paired nlr immune receptors |
topic | Plant Biology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9528088/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35735291 http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/EBC20210079 |
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