Predictive Value of Modified Mallampati Test and Upper Lip Bite Test Concerning Cormack and Lehane's Laryngoscopy Grading in the Anticipation of Difficult Intubation: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhubaneswar, India

Background and objective Many tests are at hand to predict difficult intubation preoperatively to prevent morbidity and mortality of unanticipated difficult intubation. The present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the efficacy of the modified Mallampati test (MMT) and upper lip bite test (ULBT) to foresee difficult intubation. Materials and methods After obtaining written informed consent, this prospective comparative observational study was conducted on 225 patients scheduled for elective surgery under general endotracheal anesthesia. Preoperative MMT and ULBT were performed. MMT Grade III, IV, and ULBT Grade IV were regarded as predictors of difficult intubation. The laryngoscopic view was graded as per Cormack and Lehane's laryngoscopic grading after induction of anesthesia by an experienced anesthesiologist ignorant of preoperative airway evaluation. Patients with Cormack and Lehane Class III and IV were regarded as difficult intubation. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of MMT and ULBT were computed. Agreement between two tests with the Cormack Lehane test was determined by the Kappa coefficient. Results In our research, the occurrence of difficult intubation was found to be 10.2% (23 cases of difficult intubation out of 225 patients). In our analysis, we found the sensitivity (95.5% vs. 95.4%), specificity (54.8% vs 50.0%), positive predictive value (91.6% vs 93.1%), and negative predictive value (39.1% vs 39.1%) were almost comparable between modified Mallampati test and upper lip bite test. Kappa coefficient for the upper lip bite test (0.492) was slightly higher as compared to modified Mallampati scoring (0.454), but both the values are highly statistically significant (p-value <0.001). Conclusion Both the upper lip bite test and modified Mallampati test are comparable with each other and since the upper lip bite test is easy to perform bedside test we recommend it to be used alone or in collaboration with other tests in assessing difficult airways.