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Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas
Like many countries, Palestine suffers from water scarcity. Here, treated greywater is considered an essential nonconventional water resource. We aim to identify some wastewater reuse and disposal practices in rural areas and assess the acceptance level of different reuses of greywater. We conducted...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36200086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6603348 |
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author | Al-Khatib, Issam A. Al Shami, Abed al Hamid U. Garcia, Gonzalo Rodriguez Celik, Ilke |
author_facet | Al-Khatib, Issam A. Al Shami, Abed al Hamid U. Garcia, Gonzalo Rodriguez Celik, Ilke |
author_sort | Al-Khatib, Issam A. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Like many countries, Palestine suffers from water scarcity. Here, treated greywater is considered an essential nonconventional water resource. We aim to identify some wastewater reuse and disposal practices in rural areas and assess the acceptance level of different reuses of greywater. We conducted a survey analysis in four villages with a strong agricultural activity of the western Bethlehem Governorate. The level of acceptance of greywater reuse was generally independent of demographic variables like family size, income, or water bill, with a few exceptions regarding gender, age, and level of education. Centralized treatment was more valued than treatment at home, which presented similar acceptance levels than no treatment and might indicate a lack of trust in this alternative. The only reuse alternative trusted across treatments was bush irrigation (3.53-3.86 on a five-point Likert scale), but other options without clear, direct human contact like crop irrigation (3.14-3.62), stone cutting (3.19-3.36), and construction (3.12-3.42) also received considerable support. Reused perceived as having direct contact with humans was rejected, as it was the flushing of public toilets (2.59-2.7), aquaculture (1.98-2.37), olive pressing (1.85-1.94), and drinking (1.62-1.72). Relatively new reuse, car washing (2.95-3.17), was somewhere in between, partially because of its novelty. To increase this and other reuses, we strongly encourage local authorities to inform the population about the potentialities of greywater reuse. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9529426 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95294262022-10-04 Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas Al-Khatib, Issam A. Al Shami, Abed al Hamid U. Garcia, Gonzalo Rodriguez Celik, Ilke J Environ Public Health Research Article Like many countries, Palestine suffers from water scarcity. Here, treated greywater is considered an essential nonconventional water resource. We aim to identify some wastewater reuse and disposal practices in rural areas and assess the acceptance level of different reuses of greywater. We conducted a survey analysis in four villages with a strong agricultural activity of the western Bethlehem Governorate. The level of acceptance of greywater reuse was generally independent of demographic variables like family size, income, or water bill, with a few exceptions regarding gender, age, and level of education. Centralized treatment was more valued than treatment at home, which presented similar acceptance levels than no treatment and might indicate a lack of trust in this alternative. The only reuse alternative trusted across treatments was bush irrigation (3.53-3.86 on a five-point Likert scale), but other options without clear, direct human contact like crop irrigation (3.14-3.62), stone cutting (3.19-3.36), and construction (3.12-3.42) also received considerable support. Reused perceived as having direct contact with humans was rejected, as it was the flushing of public toilets (2.59-2.7), aquaculture (1.98-2.37), olive pressing (1.85-1.94), and drinking (1.62-1.72). Relatively new reuse, car washing (2.95-3.17), was somewhere in between, partially because of its novelty. To increase this and other reuses, we strongly encourage local authorities to inform the population about the potentialities of greywater reuse. Hindawi 2022-09-26 /pmc/articles/PMC9529426/ /pubmed/36200086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6603348 Text en Copyright © 2022 Issam A. Al-Khatib et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Al-Khatib, Issam A. Al Shami, Abed al Hamid U. Garcia, Gonzalo Rodriguez Celik, Ilke Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas |
title | Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas |
title_full | Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas |
title_fullStr | Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas |
title_full_unstemmed | Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas |
title_short | Social Acceptance of Greywater Reuse in Rural Areas |
title_sort | social acceptance of greywater reuse in rural areas |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9529426/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36200086 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6603348 |
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