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Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland

Objective: This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 prevention policies influenced the COVID-19 incidence in men and women. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Spanish Ministry of Health surveillance data for February 2...

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Autores principales: Sant Fruchtman, Carmen, Fischer, Fabienne Beatrice, Monzón Llamas, Laura, Tavakkoli, Maryam, Cobos Muñoz, Daniel, Antillon, Marina
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9530041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36204009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604994
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author Sant Fruchtman, Carmen
Fischer, Fabienne Beatrice
Monzón Llamas, Laura
Tavakkoli, Maryam
Cobos Muñoz, Daniel
Antillon, Marina
author_facet Sant Fruchtman, Carmen
Fischer, Fabienne Beatrice
Monzón Llamas, Laura
Tavakkoli, Maryam
Cobos Muñoz, Daniel
Antillon, Marina
author_sort Sant Fruchtman, Carmen
collection PubMed
description Objective: This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 prevention policies influenced the COVID-19 incidence in men and women. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Spanish Ministry of Health surveillance data for February 2020–June 2021 to explore sex and age differences in COVID-19 cases and testing. The female-male incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for each week of the pandemic. We complemented our analysis with qualitative information on relevant containment measures in each country. Results: In Switzerland and in Spain, there was an excess of cases in women of 20–59 years old and 80+. This excess of cases was significant during the waves of the pandemic in both countries. In Switzerland, the biggest difference was observed for the age group 20–29, reaching an excess of 94% of cases compared to men during the first wave of COVID-19 (March–May 2020). The excess of cases in women was greater in Spain than in Switzerland, where it reached 159% for women aged 20–29 during the first wave (March–June 2020). In both countries, the age groups 60–79 had a significant excess of cases in men during the pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 public health policies affect men and women in different ways. Our findings highlight the importance of gender-sensitive responses to address a public health crisis.
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spelling pubmed-95300412022-10-05 Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland Sant Fruchtman, Carmen Fischer, Fabienne Beatrice Monzón Llamas, Laura Tavakkoli, Maryam Cobos Muñoz, Daniel Antillon, Marina Int J Public Health Public Health Archive Objective: This study aimed to investigate how COVID-19 prevention policies influenced the COVID-19 incidence in men and women. Methods: We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study using the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health and the Spanish Ministry of Health surveillance data for February 2020–June 2021 to explore sex and age differences in COVID-19 cases and testing. The female-male incidence rate ratios (IRR) were estimated for each week of the pandemic. We complemented our analysis with qualitative information on relevant containment measures in each country. Results: In Switzerland and in Spain, there was an excess of cases in women of 20–59 years old and 80+. This excess of cases was significant during the waves of the pandemic in both countries. In Switzerland, the biggest difference was observed for the age group 20–29, reaching an excess of 94% of cases compared to men during the first wave of COVID-19 (March–May 2020). The excess of cases in women was greater in Spain than in Switzerland, where it reached 159% for women aged 20–29 during the first wave (March–June 2020). In both countries, the age groups 60–79 had a significant excess of cases in men during the pandemic. Conclusion: COVID-19 public health policies affect men and women in different ways. Our findings highlight the importance of gender-sensitive responses to address a public health crisis. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9530041/ /pubmed/36204009 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604994 Text en Copyright © 2022 Sant Fruchtman, Fischer, Monzón Llamas, Tavakkoli, Cobos Muñoz and Antillon. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Public Health Archive
Sant Fruchtman, Carmen
Fischer, Fabienne Beatrice
Monzón Llamas, Laura
Tavakkoli, Maryam
Cobos Muñoz, Daniel
Antillon, Marina
Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland
title Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland
title_full Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland
title_fullStr Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland
title_full_unstemmed Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland
title_short Did COVID-19 Policies Have the Same Effect on COVID-19 Incidence Among Women and Men? Evidence From Spain and Switzerland
title_sort did covid-19 policies have the same effect on covid-19 incidence among women and men? evidence from spain and switzerland
topic Public Health Archive
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9530041/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36204009
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2022.1604994
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