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Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells

Leptospirosis, one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, is an emerging public health problem, particularly in large urban centers of developing countries. Leptospirosis results from infection with an organism belonging to the Leptospira genus L. interrogans. The extensive invasiv...

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Autores principales: Zhao, Xin, Guo, Jun, Jia, Xiaoyuan, Yang, Yaling, Liu, Lijuan, Nie, Weizhong, Fang, Zhiqiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9531806/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36137081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010778
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author Zhao, Xin
Guo, Jun
Jia, Xiaoyuan
Yang, Yaling
Liu, Lijuan
Nie, Weizhong
Fang, Zhiqiang
author_facet Zhao, Xin
Guo, Jun
Jia, Xiaoyuan
Yang, Yaling
Liu, Lijuan
Nie, Weizhong
Fang, Zhiqiang
author_sort Zhao, Xin
collection PubMed
description Leptospirosis, one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, is an emerging public health problem, particularly in large urban centers of developing countries. Leptospirosis results from infection with an organism belonging to the Leptospira genus L. interrogans. The extensive invasive ability has previously been documented, however a mechanism that describes how the organism is internalized by human macrophages and transmigrates through human blood vessel remains poorly understood. In the present study, we utilized a human macrophage and vascular endothelial cell line to study the diverse invasive mechanisms by which L. interrogans infections occur. We found that THP-1 and HUVEC had a diverse expression of cell receptors and L. interrogans entered THP-1 and HUVEC by different pathways. In the macrophage model cell line, ITGB1/FAK-signaling mediated microfilament dependent endocytosis with lysosome fusion, whereas ITGB1/CAV-1/PI3K-signaling mediated microfilament dependent endocytosis and transcytosis without lysosome fusion in the endothelial cell model. Shedding of pathogenic leptospires from HUVEC displayed higher viability than those from THP-1. The monolayer of HUVEC maintained integrity during the infection, while 3D imaging showed that leptospires were transmigrated both intra- and intercellularly. These results indicate that endocytosis of leptospires in human macrophages and human vascular endothelial cells are quite different, macrophages are responsible for eliminating leptospires in the human body during the infection while vascular endothelial cells facilitate dissemination of leptospires from blood vessels into target organs where they cause injury.
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spelling pubmed-95318062022-10-05 Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells Zhao, Xin Guo, Jun Jia, Xiaoyuan Yang, Yaling Liu, Lijuan Nie, Weizhong Fang, Zhiqiang PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article Leptospirosis, one of the leading global causes of morbidity and mortality, is an emerging public health problem, particularly in large urban centers of developing countries. Leptospirosis results from infection with an organism belonging to the Leptospira genus L. interrogans. The extensive invasive ability has previously been documented, however a mechanism that describes how the organism is internalized by human macrophages and transmigrates through human blood vessel remains poorly understood. In the present study, we utilized a human macrophage and vascular endothelial cell line to study the diverse invasive mechanisms by which L. interrogans infections occur. We found that THP-1 and HUVEC had a diverse expression of cell receptors and L. interrogans entered THP-1 and HUVEC by different pathways. In the macrophage model cell line, ITGB1/FAK-signaling mediated microfilament dependent endocytosis with lysosome fusion, whereas ITGB1/CAV-1/PI3K-signaling mediated microfilament dependent endocytosis and transcytosis without lysosome fusion in the endothelial cell model. Shedding of pathogenic leptospires from HUVEC displayed higher viability than those from THP-1. The monolayer of HUVEC maintained integrity during the infection, while 3D imaging showed that leptospires were transmigrated both intra- and intercellularly. These results indicate that endocytosis of leptospires in human macrophages and human vascular endothelial cells are quite different, macrophages are responsible for eliminating leptospires in the human body during the infection while vascular endothelial cells facilitate dissemination of leptospires from blood vessels into target organs where they cause injury. Public Library of Science 2022-09-22 /pmc/articles/PMC9531806/ /pubmed/36137081 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010778 Text en © 2022 Zhao et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Zhao, Xin
Guo, Jun
Jia, Xiaoyuan
Yang, Yaling
Liu, Lijuan
Nie, Weizhong
Fang, Zhiqiang
Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
title Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
title_full Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
title_fullStr Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
title_full_unstemmed Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
title_short Internalization of Leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
title_sort internalization of leptospira interrogans via diverse endocytosis mechanisms in human macrophages and vascular endothelial cells
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9531806/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36137081
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010778
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