Diagnostic Value of Bile Acids and Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

OBJECTIVE: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous disorder characterized by a reduction in fertility and metabolic dysfunction. Unfortunately, due to a lack of clear presentation, it is often a long process of diagnosis. In this study, we investigated bile acids as potential biomarkers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were recruited and stratified into groups based on body mass index and PCOS status. Biometric data and plasma were acquired to understand bile acid profiles and related markers. RESULTS: Taurocholic acid (TCA) and taurodeoxycholic acid were elevated in PCOS subjects with obesity in comparison to controls without PCOS. Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), a metabolic regulator implemented in bile acid metabolism, was elevated in PCOS patients and was positively correlated with TCA changes. CONCLUSIONS: We present evidence suggesting that bile acids may be novel diagnostic targets in obese patients with PCOS while further studies need to delineate the interplay between FGF-21, bile acids, and testosterone in the early detection of PCOS.