Cargando…
Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective
The tragedy of the commons refers to the overuse of resources which are rival in consumption but lack excludability and it also refers to rent dissipation. While the tragedy of the anticommons is a tragedy closely connected with underuse of resources that are rival in consumption and with too strong...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9531963/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36204729 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998642 |
_version_ | 1784802008915509248 |
---|---|
author | Yang, Xiaowei Yang, Shiqi Wang, Yuejin Zhang, Shuyu Luo, Songmei |
author_facet | Yang, Xiaowei Yang, Shiqi Wang, Yuejin Zhang, Shuyu Luo, Songmei |
author_sort | Yang, Xiaowei |
collection | PubMed |
description | The tragedy of the commons refers to the overuse of resources which are rival in consumption but lack excludability and it also refers to rent dissipation. While the tragedy of the anticommons is a tragedy closely connected with underuse of resources that are rival in consumption and with too strong excludability. The prior studies proved that the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons are symmetric from the perspective of pure mathematics, especially the game theory, which was later refuted by behavioral economics experiments. According to them, the tragedy of the anticommons is severer than the tragedy of the commons. The asymmetry of the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons is a paradox by these different research methods. This paradox shows that there are imperfections in the completely rational economic man hypothesis set up by neoclassical economics. As a fundamental theory, the tragedy of the commons is quite influential in many disciplines, such as microeconomics, public sector economics, ecological economics, environmental economics, management, sociology, property law, and political science. And the tragedy of the anticommons theory has also opened its door of both theoretical research and practical implications since its acceptance by Nobel laureate Buchanan, the main founder of public choice school. Only when theoretical issues are thoroughly discussed and made clear enough, can people avoid misunderstanding or misusing the commons theory. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the paradox between them. Based on Simon’s bounded rationality, Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, value function, Thaler’s mental accounting, endowment effect, and other cognitive psychological tools, this study clearly shows that agents’ decision-making process is not just based on the long-believed marginal benefit and marginal cost analysis advocated by traditional neoclassical economists. Agents’ decision-making is a process in which agents selectively absorb, code the objective marginal revenue and marginal cost, and feed relevant information to their brain. Therefore, what plays a directly decisive role is not the objective marginal revenue and marginal cost per se, but the mentally perceived subjective utility of marginal revenue and marginal cost by the human brain. Followed by this research clue, the paradox between the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons is elucidated from the perspective of cognitive psychology. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9531963 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95319632022-10-05 Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective Yang, Xiaowei Yang, Shiqi Wang, Yuejin Zhang, Shuyu Luo, Songmei Front Psychol Psychology The tragedy of the commons refers to the overuse of resources which are rival in consumption but lack excludability and it also refers to rent dissipation. While the tragedy of the anticommons is a tragedy closely connected with underuse of resources that are rival in consumption and with too strong excludability. The prior studies proved that the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons are symmetric from the perspective of pure mathematics, especially the game theory, which was later refuted by behavioral economics experiments. According to them, the tragedy of the anticommons is severer than the tragedy of the commons. The asymmetry of the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons is a paradox by these different research methods. This paradox shows that there are imperfections in the completely rational economic man hypothesis set up by neoclassical economics. As a fundamental theory, the tragedy of the commons is quite influential in many disciplines, such as microeconomics, public sector economics, ecological economics, environmental economics, management, sociology, property law, and political science. And the tragedy of the anticommons theory has also opened its door of both theoretical research and practical implications since its acceptance by Nobel laureate Buchanan, the main founder of public choice school. Only when theoretical issues are thoroughly discussed and made clear enough, can people avoid misunderstanding or misusing the commons theory. Thus, it is necessary to elucidate the paradox between them. Based on Simon’s bounded rationality, Kahneman and Tversky’s prospect theory, value function, Thaler’s mental accounting, endowment effect, and other cognitive psychological tools, this study clearly shows that agents’ decision-making process is not just based on the long-believed marginal benefit and marginal cost analysis advocated by traditional neoclassical economists. Agents’ decision-making is a process in which agents selectively absorb, code the objective marginal revenue and marginal cost, and feed relevant information to their brain. Therefore, what plays a directly decisive role is not the objective marginal revenue and marginal cost per se, but the mentally perceived subjective utility of marginal revenue and marginal cost by the human brain. Followed by this research clue, the paradox between the tragedy of the commons and the tragedy of the anticommons is elucidated from the perspective of cognitive psychology. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9531963/ /pubmed/36204729 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998642 Text en Copyright © 2022 Yang, Yang, Wang, Zhang and Luo. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Yang, Xiaowei Yang, Shiqi Wang, Yuejin Zhang, Shuyu Luo, Songmei Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective |
title | Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective |
title_full | Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective |
title_fullStr | Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective |
title_full_unstemmed | Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective |
title_short | Understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: From a cognitive psychology perspective |
title_sort | understanding the paradox between tragedies of the commons and the anticommons: from a cognitive psychology perspective |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9531963/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36204729 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.998642 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT yangxiaowei understandingtheparadoxbetweentragediesofthecommonsandtheanticommonsfromacognitivepsychologyperspective AT yangshiqi understandingtheparadoxbetweentragediesofthecommonsandtheanticommonsfromacognitivepsychologyperspective AT wangyuejin understandingtheparadoxbetweentragediesofthecommonsandtheanticommonsfromacognitivepsychologyperspective AT zhangshuyu understandingtheparadoxbetweentragediesofthecommonsandtheanticommonsfromacognitivepsychologyperspective AT luosongmei understandingtheparadoxbetweentragediesofthecommonsandtheanticommonsfromacognitivepsychologyperspective |