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Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?

Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions characterized by bone loss in response to simultaneous bacterial aggression and host defenses. The etiology of such diseases is still not completely understood, however. It has been shown that specific pathogens involved in the build-up of dysb...

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Autores principales: Lobognon, Vanessa Dominique, Alard, Jean-Eric
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532695/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36211356
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.887147
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author Lobognon, Vanessa Dominique
Alard, Jean-Eric
author_facet Lobognon, Vanessa Dominique
Alard, Jean-Eric
author_sort Lobognon, Vanessa Dominique
collection PubMed
description Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions characterized by bone loss in response to simultaneous bacterial aggression and host defenses. The etiology of such diseases is still not completely understood, however. It has been shown that specific pathogens involved in the build-up of dysbiotic biofilms participate actively in the establishment of periodontitis. This multifactorial pathology also depends on environmental factors and host characteristics, especially defenses. The immune response to the pathogens seems to be critical in preventing the disease from starting but also contributes to tissue damage. It is known that small molecules known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key actors in the innate immune response. They not only target microbes, but also act as immuno-modulators. They can help to recruit or activate cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, or lymphocytes. AMPs have already been described in the periodontium, and their expression seems to be connected to disease activity. Alpha and beta defensins and LL37 are the AMPs most frequently linked to periodontitis. Additionally, leukocyte infiltrates, especially B-cells, have also been linked to the severity of periodontitis. Indeed, the particular subpopulations of B-cells in these infiltrates have been linked to inflammation and bone resorption. A link between B-cells and AMP could be relevant to understanding B-cells’ action. Some AMP receptors, such as chemokines receptors, toll-like receptors, or purinergic receptors, have been shown to be expressed by B-cells. Consequently, the action of AMPs on B—cell subpopulations could participate to B-cell recruitment, their differentiation, and their implication in both periodontal defense and destruction.
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spelling pubmed-95326952022-10-06 Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis? Lobognon, Vanessa Dominique Alard, Jean-Eric Front Immunol Immunology Periodontal diseases are common inflammatory conditions characterized by bone loss in response to simultaneous bacterial aggression and host defenses. The etiology of such diseases is still not completely understood, however. It has been shown that specific pathogens involved in the build-up of dysbiotic biofilms participate actively in the establishment of periodontitis. This multifactorial pathology also depends on environmental factors and host characteristics, especially defenses. The immune response to the pathogens seems to be critical in preventing the disease from starting but also contributes to tissue damage. It is known that small molecules known as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are key actors in the innate immune response. They not only target microbes, but also act as immuno-modulators. They can help to recruit or activate cells such as neutrophils, monocytes, dendritic cells, or lymphocytes. AMPs have already been described in the periodontium, and their expression seems to be connected to disease activity. Alpha and beta defensins and LL37 are the AMPs most frequently linked to periodontitis. Additionally, leukocyte infiltrates, especially B-cells, have also been linked to the severity of periodontitis. Indeed, the particular subpopulations of B-cells in these infiltrates have been linked to inflammation and bone resorption. A link between B-cells and AMP could be relevant to understanding B-cells’ action. Some AMP receptors, such as chemokines receptors, toll-like receptors, or purinergic receptors, have been shown to be expressed by B-cells. Consequently, the action of AMPs on B—cell subpopulations could participate to B-cell recruitment, their differentiation, and their implication in both periodontal defense and destruction. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC9532695/ /pubmed/36211356 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.887147 Text en Copyright © 2022 Lobognon and Alard https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Lobognon, Vanessa Dominique
Alard, Jean-Eric
Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
title Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
title_full Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
title_fullStr Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
title_full_unstemmed Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
title_short Could AMPs and B-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
title_sort could amps and b-cells be the missing link in understanding periodontitis?
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9532695/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36211356
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2022.887147
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