Application of response surface methodology (RSM) for optimization of the supercritical CO(2) extract of oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp: Yield, composition and gastric protective effect

Supercritical carbon-dioxide (SC-CO(2)) is a promising two-phase technology for flavor components (volatile oil and alkylamides) extract from Zanthoxylum bungeanum pericarp. However, the gastric protective effect of SC-CO(2) extract from Z. bungeanum (SZB) have not been systematically investigated. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the yield of SZB, and the average yield of 11.07 % were obtained under optimal parameters (30 MPa, 43 °C and time 75 min). Here, limonene, linalool and hydroxy-α-sanshool were identified as the main compounds of SZB by GC–MS and UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap/MS analysis. When the gastric protective effect of SZB (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated, significant increase in body weight and organ indexes of rat, and decreased gastric lesion were observed. Furthermore, nineteen serum metabolites were regarded as the potential biomarkers for the gastric protective effect of SZB. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive perspective into the chemical composition analysis and gastric protective effect of Z. bungeanum SC-CO(2) extract.