Osteocalcin and Runx2 Expression in Anterior Maxillary Reconstructions Using Bone Xenografts Associated to Bone Marrow Aspirate Concentrate

BACKGROUND: It is known that a large number of mediators involved in osteogenesis can influence bone development and repair; however, whether these mediators could be used as markers of bone maturity has yet to be determined. AIM: To evaluate the expression of osteocalcin (OC) and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) in bone biopsies obtained during the reconstruction of atrophic anterior maxillae using particulate bone xenografts with or without association of autogenous bone marrow aspirate concentrate (BMAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients were distributed into two groups (n = 5), according to the type of grafting material used: Control group (CG), particulate bone xenograft alone, and test group (TG), particulate bone xenograft combined with BMAC. A bone specimen was removed from the graft area 4 months after grafting, before implant placement. The specimens were processed and submitted to immunohistochemical analysis for detection of OC and Runx2. Histomorphometry was used to ascertain the percentage of stained areas in both groups. The Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney U-Test was used in the statistical analysis (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The immunohistochemical analysis revealed a significantly higher OC expression in the TG than in the CG, namely 27.40 ± 1.34% and 11.40 ± 2.70%, respectively (P < 0.05), and a significantly higher Runx2 expression in the TG than in the CG, namely 2.80 ± 0.84% and 0.40 ± 0.55%, respectively (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The OC and Runx2 expression levels were higher when BMAC was associated with the bone xenograft than when it was not.