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The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are common illnesses characterized by glucose metabolism issues and excessive weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed a newborn up to 6 months old and it has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity later in life due to its nutritional prope...

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Autores principales: Cheshmeh, Sahar, Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa, Hojati, Niloofar, Elahi, Negin, Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani, Neda, Saber, Amir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9535349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36200185
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15469
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author Cheshmeh, Sahar
Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa
Hojati, Niloofar
Elahi, Negin
Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani, Neda
Saber, Amir
author_facet Cheshmeh, Sahar
Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa
Hojati, Niloofar
Elahi, Negin
Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani, Neda
Saber, Amir
author_sort Cheshmeh, Sahar
collection PubMed
description Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are common illnesses characterized by glucose metabolism issues and excessive weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed a newborn up to 6 months old and it has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity later in life due to its nutritional properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and formula‐plus breastfeeding (mix‐feeding) on the anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes of healthy infants. A total of 150 healthy infants were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. All infants (aged 24 months) were divided into three groups based on the type of feeding, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mix‐feeding. The anthropometric indices, glycemic indexes, lipid profile, and the expression levels of acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), liver X receptor α (LXR‐α), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes were measured in all infants using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. The anthropometric indices including weight, height, head circumference, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were lower in the breastfeeding infants in comparison to other groups. As well, the expression level of the ACACB gene was significantly downregulated in breastfeeding infants, while the PPAR‐γ gene was significantly upregulated, but the expression levels of LXR‐ α, PTEN and BDNF did not change significantly across groups. Breastfeeding compared to formula feeding had positive effects on anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and diabetes‐predisposing genes.
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spelling pubmed-95353492022-10-11 The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants Cheshmeh, Sahar Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa Hojati, Niloofar Elahi, Negin Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani, Neda Saber, Amir Physiol Rep Original Articles Diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity are common illnesses characterized by glucose metabolism issues and excessive weight gain. Breastfeeding is the best way to feed a newborn up to 6 months old and it has been shown to reduce the risk of diabetes and obesity later in life due to its nutritional properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of breastfeeding, formula feeding, and formula‐plus breastfeeding (mix‐feeding) on the anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes of healthy infants. A total of 150 healthy infants were enrolled in this cross‐sectional study. All infants (aged 24 months) were divided into three groups based on the type of feeding, breastfeeding, formula feeding, and mix‐feeding. The anthropometric indices, glycemic indexes, lipid profile, and the expression levels of acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase beta (ACACB), brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), liver X receptor α (LXR‐α), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ (PPAR‐γ), and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) genes were measured in all infants using reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) method. The anthropometric indices including weight, height, head circumference, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C), and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) were lower in the breastfeeding infants in comparison to other groups. As well, the expression level of the ACACB gene was significantly downregulated in breastfeeding infants, while the PPAR‐γ gene was significantly upregulated, but the expression levels of LXR‐ α, PTEN and BDNF did not change significantly across groups. Breastfeeding compared to formula feeding had positive effects on anthropometric indices, metabolic variables, and diabetes‐predisposing genes. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-10-05 /pmc/articles/PMC9535349/ /pubmed/36200185 http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15469 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Physiological Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of The Physiological Society and the American Physiological Society. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Articles
Cheshmeh, Sahar
Nachvak, Seyed Mostafa
Hojati, Niloofar
Elahi, Negin
Heidarzadeh‐Esfahani, Neda
Saber, Amir
The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
title The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
title_full The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
title_fullStr The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
title_full_unstemmed The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
title_short The effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
title_sort effects of breastfeeding and formula feeding on the metabolic factors and the expression level of obesity and diabetes‐predisposing genes in healthy infants
topic Original Articles
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9535349/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36200185
http://dx.doi.org/10.14814/phy2.15469
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