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Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis

Gaze stabilization relies on bilateral mirror-symmetric vestibular endorgans, central circuits, and extraocular motor effectors. Embryonic removal of one inner ear before the formation of these structures was used to evaluate the extent to which motor outputs in the presence of a singular inner ear...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gordy, Clayton, Straka, Hans
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9535433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212020
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105165
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author Gordy, Clayton
Straka, Hans
author_facet Gordy, Clayton
Straka, Hans
author_sort Gordy, Clayton
collection PubMed
description Gaze stabilization relies on bilateral mirror-symmetric vestibular endorgans, central circuits, and extraocular motor effectors. Embryonic removal of one inner ear before the formation of these structures was used to evaluate the extent to which motor outputs in the presence of a singular inner ear can develop. Near-congenital one-eared tadpoles subjected to separate or combinatorial visuo-vestibular motion stimulation exhibited comparable eye movements, though smaller in gain to controls, whereas isolated visuo-motor responses were unaltered. Surprisingly, vestibulo-ocular reflexes were robust during off-direction motion toward the missing ear in most cases and often attenuated during on-direction motion. This bidirectional plasticity of signal encoding appears to occur at the expense of vestibular reflexes during motion in the normally preferential activation direction of the singular ear. Consequently, formation of central vestibulo-motor circuits in one-eared animals likely relies on multi-neuronal homeostatic strategies, including enhanced afferent fiber activity in the attempt to adjust bilateral sensorimotor transformations.
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spelling pubmed-95354332022-10-07 Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis Gordy, Clayton Straka, Hans iScience Article Gaze stabilization relies on bilateral mirror-symmetric vestibular endorgans, central circuits, and extraocular motor effectors. Embryonic removal of one inner ear before the formation of these structures was used to evaluate the extent to which motor outputs in the presence of a singular inner ear can develop. Near-congenital one-eared tadpoles subjected to separate or combinatorial visuo-vestibular motion stimulation exhibited comparable eye movements, though smaller in gain to controls, whereas isolated visuo-motor responses were unaltered. Surprisingly, vestibulo-ocular reflexes were robust during off-direction motion toward the missing ear in most cases and often attenuated during on-direction motion. This bidirectional plasticity of signal encoding appears to occur at the expense of vestibular reflexes during motion in the normally preferential activation direction of the singular ear. Consequently, formation of central vestibulo-motor circuits in one-eared animals likely relies on multi-neuronal homeostatic strategies, including enhanced afferent fiber activity in the attempt to adjust bilateral sensorimotor transformations. Elsevier 2022-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9535433/ /pubmed/36212020 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105165 Text en © 2022 The Author(s) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Gordy, Clayton
Straka, Hans
Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis
title Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis
title_full Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis
title_fullStr Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis
title_full_unstemmed Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis
title_short Developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in Xenopus laevis
title_sort developmental eye motion plasticity after unilateral embryonic ear removal in xenopus laevis
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9535433/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212020
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2022.105165
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