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Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence

OBJECTIVE: Qualitative studies have described girls’ varying levels of confidence in managing their menstruation, with greater confidence hypothesized to positively impact health, education, and social participation outcomes. Yet, measurement of this and other psychosocial components of adolescent g...

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Autores principales: Hunter, Erin C., Murray, Sarah M., Sultana, Farhana, Alam, Mahbub-Ul, Sarker, Supta, Rahman, Mahbubur, Akter, Nazrin, Mobashara, Moshammot, Momata, Marufa, Winch, Peter J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36201478
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275736
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author Hunter, Erin C.
Murray, Sarah M.
Sultana, Farhana
Alam, Mahbub-Ul
Sarker, Supta
Rahman, Mahbubur
Akter, Nazrin
Mobashara, Moshammot
Momata, Marufa
Winch, Peter J.
author_facet Hunter, Erin C.
Murray, Sarah M.
Sultana, Farhana
Alam, Mahbub-Ul
Sarker, Supta
Rahman, Mahbubur
Akter, Nazrin
Mobashara, Moshammot
Momata, Marufa
Winch, Peter J.
author_sort Hunter, Erin C.
collection PubMed
description OBJECTIVE: Qualitative studies have described girls’ varying levels of confidence in managing their menstruation, with greater confidence hypothesized to positively impact health, education, and social participation outcomes. Yet, measurement of this and other psychosocial components of adolescent girls’ menstrual experiences has been weak in global health research, in part due to a dearth of appropriate psychometric tools. We describe the development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26). METHODS: We conducted nine focus group discussions with girls in schools in rural and urban Bangladesh to identify tasks involved in menstrual self-care. This informed our creation of an initial pool of 50 items, which were reviewed by menstrual health experts and refined through 21 cognitive interviews with schoolgirls. Using a self-administered survey, we administered 34 refined items plus additional validation measures to a random sample of 381 post-menarcheal girls (ages 9–17) and retested a subsample of 42 girls two weeks later. We examined the measure’s dimensionality using exploratory factor analysis and assessed internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 26-item scale comprising three correlated sub-scales: the 17-item Menstrual Hygiene Preparation and Maintenance (α = 0.86), the 5-item Menstrual Pain Management (α = 0.87), and the 4-item Executing Stigmatized Tasks (α = 0.77). Sub-scales exhibited good temporal stability. SAMNS-26 scores correlated negatively with measures of anxiety, and girls who preferred to stay at home during their periods had lower SAMNS-26 scores than those who did not. CONCLUSION: The SAMNS-26 provides a reliable measure of a schoolgirl’s confidence in her capabilities to address her menstrual needs. There is initial evidence to support the measure’s construct validity in the Bangladesh context as indicated by its relationships with other factors in its theorized nomological network. The tool enables incorporation of self-efficacy into multivariate models for exploring the relationships among antecedents to menstrual experiences and hypothesized impacts on health, wellbeing, and education attainment. Further testing of the tool is recommended to strengthen evidence of its validity in additional contexts.
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spelling pubmed-95366162022-10-07 Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence Hunter, Erin C. Murray, Sarah M. Sultana, Farhana Alam, Mahbub-Ul Sarker, Supta Rahman, Mahbubur Akter, Nazrin Mobashara, Moshammot Momata, Marufa Winch, Peter J. PLoS One Research Article OBJECTIVE: Qualitative studies have described girls’ varying levels of confidence in managing their menstruation, with greater confidence hypothesized to positively impact health, education, and social participation outcomes. Yet, measurement of this and other psychosocial components of adolescent girls’ menstrual experiences has been weak in global health research, in part due to a dearth of appropriate psychometric tools. We describe the development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26). METHODS: We conducted nine focus group discussions with girls in schools in rural and urban Bangladesh to identify tasks involved in menstrual self-care. This informed our creation of an initial pool of 50 items, which were reviewed by menstrual health experts and refined through 21 cognitive interviews with schoolgirls. Using a self-administered survey, we administered 34 refined items plus additional validation measures to a random sample of 381 post-menarcheal girls (ages 9–17) and retested a subsample of 42 girls two weeks later. We examined the measure’s dimensionality using exploratory factor analysis and assessed internal consistency, temporal stability, and construct validity. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis suggested a 26-item scale comprising three correlated sub-scales: the 17-item Menstrual Hygiene Preparation and Maintenance (α = 0.86), the 5-item Menstrual Pain Management (α = 0.87), and the 4-item Executing Stigmatized Tasks (α = 0.77). Sub-scales exhibited good temporal stability. SAMNS-26 scores correlated negatively with measures of anxiety, and girls who preferred to stay at home during their periods had lower SAMNS-26 scores than those who did not. CONCLUSION: The SAMNS-26 provides a reliable measure of a schoolgirl’s confidence in her capabilities to address her menstrual needs. There is initial evidence to support the measure’s construct validity in the Bangladesh context as indicated by its relationships with other factors in its theorized nomological network. The tool enables incorporation of self-efficacy into multivariate models for exploring the relationships among antecedents to menstrual experiences and hypothesized impacts on health, wellbeing, and education attainment. Further testing of the tool is recommended to strengthen evidence of its validity in additional contexts. Public Library of Science 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9536616/ /pubmed/36201478 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275736 Text en © 2022 Hunter et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hunter, Erin C.
Murray, Sarah M.
Sultana, Farhana
Alam, Mahbub-Ul
Sarker, Supta
Rahman, Mahbubur
Akter, Nazrin
Mobashara, Moshammot
Momata, Marufa
Winch, Peter J.
Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
title Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
title_full Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
title_fullStr Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
title_full_unstemmed Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
title_short Development and validation of the Self-Efficacy in Addressing Menstrual Needs Scale (SAMNS-26) in Bangladeshi schools: A measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
title_sort development and validation of the self-efficacy in addressing menstrual needs scale (samns-26) in bangladeshi schools: a measure of girls’ menstrual care confidence
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9536616/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36201478
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275736
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