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Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon

Amoebic gill disease (AGD) and complex gill disease (CGD) are recurrent gill disorders in Atlantic salmon, resulting in significant aquaculture losses. The role of gill microbiomes in gill disease development is unclear. We undertook a longitudinal study to characterise the gill tissue and gill mucu...

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Autores principales: Birlanga, Victor B., McCormack, Grace, Ijaz, Umer Z., MacCarthy, Eugene, Smith, Cindy, Collins, Gavin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36202859
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17008-2
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author Birlanga, Victor B.
McCormack, Grace
Ijaz, Umer Z.
MacCarthy, Eugene
Smith, Cindy
Collins, Gavin
author_facet Birlanga, Victor B.
McCormack, Grace
Ijaz, Umer Z.
MacCarthy, Eugene
Smith, Cindy
Collins, Gavin
author_sort Birlanga, Victor B.
collection PubMed
description Amoebic gill disease (AGD) and complex gill disease (CGD) are recurrent gill disorders in Atlantic salmon, resulting in significant aquaculture losses. The role of gill microbiomes in gill disease development is unclear. We undertook a longitudinal study to characterise the gill tissue and gill mucus microbiomes of farmed Atlantic salmon before, and during, a gill disease episode. Using a newly optimised DNA extraction protocol, we sequenced rRNA genes from microbiomes of gill samples taken from 105 individual salmon on a farm, over a summer season. The AGD aetiological agent, Neoparamoeba perurans, was PCR-quantified targeting 18S rRNA genes. Similar analyses were carried out on mucus samples. Mucus scrapings were suitable, non-lethal substitutes for characterisation of the gill prokaryotic community in this study. Gill tissue and gill mucus microbiomes changed during the campaign, correlating with N. perurans concentrations. Time explained 35% of the gill tissue and gill mucus microbiome variance, while N. perurans concentrations explained 5%. Genera including Dyadobacter, Shewanella and Pedobacter were maximally abundant in gill and mucus samples at the timepoint prior to the the detection of gill disorder signs, at T3. Shewanella was significantly more abundant before than during the gill disease episode, and we suggest this genus could be considered in future studies addressing relationships between gill disease and the gill microbiome.
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spelling pubmed-95371382022-10-08 Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon Birlanga, Victor B. McCormack, Grace Ijaz, Umer Z. MacCarthy, Eugene Smith, Cindy Collins, Gavin Sci Rep Article Amoebic gill disease (AGD) and complex gill disease (CGD) are recurrent gill disorders in Atlantic salmon, resulting in significant aquaculture losses. The role of gill microbiomes in gill disease development is unclear. We undertook a longitudinal study to characterise the gill tissue and gill mucus microbiomes of farmed Atlantic salmon before, and during, a gill disease episode. Using a newly optimised DNA extraction protocol, we sequenced rRNA genes from microbiomes of gill samples taken from 105 individual salmon on a farm, over a summer season. The AGD aetiological agent, Neoparamoeba perurans, was PCR-quantified targeting 18S rRNA genes. Similar analyses were carried out on mucus samples. Mucus scrapings were suitable, non-lethal substitutes for characterisation of the gill prokaryotic community in this study. Gill tissue and gill mucus microbiomes changed during the campaign, correlating with N. perurans concentrations. Time explained 35% of the gill tissue and gill mucus microbiome variance, while N. perurans concentrations explained 5%. Genera including Dyadobacter, Shewanella and Pedobacter were maximally abundant in gill and mucus samples at the timepoint prior to the the detection of gill disorder signs, at T3. Shewanella was significantly more abundant before than during the gill disease episode, and we suggest this genus could be considered in future studies addressing relationships between gill disease and the gill microbiome. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC9537138/ /pubmed/36202859 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17008-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Birlanga, Victor B.
McCormack, Grace
Ijaz, Umer Z.
MacCarthy, Eugene
Smith, Cindy
Collins, Gavin
Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon
title Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon
title_full Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon
title_fullStr Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon
title_short Dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed Atlantic salmon
title_sort dynamic gill and mucus microbiomes during a gill disease episode in farmed atlantic salmon
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537138/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36202859
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-17008-2
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