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The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel
PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Jewish and Arab college students in Israel and associations with ethnicity and sex. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, first-year college students underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction and answered a questionnaire to...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34969625 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.001 |
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author | Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Ostrin, Lisa A Gordon-Shaag, Ariela |
author_facet | Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Ostrin, Lisa A Gordon-Shaag, Ariela |
author_sort | Shneor, Einat |
collection | PubMed |
description | PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Jewish and Arab college students in Israel and associations with ethnicity and sex. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, first-year college students underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction and answered a questionnaire to assess age, sex, and self-identified ethnicity. Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was calculated, and the prevalence of hyperopia (>+0.50 Diopter, D), emmetropia (>-0.50 to +0.50 D), myopia (≤-0.50D, low ≤-0.50 to >-3.0D, moderate <-3.0 to >-6.0D, high ≤-6.0D), and astigmatism (>0.50D) were determined. Groups were compared using Chi-square or Fisher test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with refractive errors. RESULTS: Participants (n = 807) had a mean age of 22.1 ± 2.6 years (range: 17–30 years) and SER of -1.7 ± 2.2D (range: -13.3 to +5.7D). The prevalence and 95% confidence internal of myopia was 66.3% (63.0–69.6). Jewish students had a higher prevalence than Arab students for myopia (69.2% vs 60.3%), moderate (18.5% vs 12.2%) and high myopia (5.9% vs 1.9%) and astigmatism (51.4% vs 43.9%, p<0.05 for all), but not low myopia or hyperopia. Females had a higher prevalence of myopia than males (68.1% vs 58.7%, p<0.03). Jewish ethnicity was associated with myopia (OR=1.48, p = 0.01) and moderate myopia (OR=1.72, p = 0.01), and studying optometry was associated with moderate myopia (OR=1.63, p = 0.02). Sex and age were not associated with myopia. CONCLUSION: Myopia prevalence in Israeli college students is high, showing associations with Jewish, but not Arab, ethnicity, suggesting that ethnic factors may play a role in the refractive differences between Arabs and Jews. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9537245 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95372452022-10-08 The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Ostrin, Lisa A Gordon-Shaag, Ariela J Optom Original Article PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence of refractive errors in Jewish and Arab college students in Israel and associations with ethnicity and sex. METHODS: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, first-year college students underwent non-cycloplegic autorefraction and answered a questionnaire to assess age, sex, and self-identified ethnicity. Spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) was calculated, and the prevalence of hyperopia (>+0.50 Diopter, D), emmetropia (>-0.50 to +0.50 D), myopia (≤-0.50D, low ≤-0.50 to >-3.0D, moderate <-3.0 to >-6.0D, high ≤-6.0D), and astigmatism (>0.50D) were determined. Groups were compared using Chi-square or Fisher test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with refractive errors. RESULTS: Participants (n = 807) had a mean age of 22.1 ± 2.6 years (range: 17–30 years) and SER of -1.7 ± 2.2D (range: -13.3 to +5.7D). The prevalence and 95% confidence internal of myopia was 66.3% (63.0–69.6). Jewish students had a higher prevalence than Arab students for myopia (69.2% vs 60.3%), moderate (18.5% vs 12.2%) and high myopia (5.9% vs 1.9%) and astigmatism (51.4% vs 43.9%, p<0.05 for all), but not low myopia or hyperopia. Females had a higher prevalence of myopia than males (68.1% vs 58.7%, p<0.03). Jewish ethnicity was associated with myopia (OR=1.48, p = 0.01) and moderate myopia (OR=1.72, p = 0.01), and studying optometry was associated with moderate myopia (OR=1.63, p = 0.02). Sex and age were not associated with myopia. CONCLUSION: Myopia prevalence in Israeli college students is high, showing associations with Jewish, but not Arab, ethnicity, suggesting that ethnic factors may play a role in the refractive differences between Arabs and Jews. Elsevier 2022 2021-12-28 /pmc/articles/PMC9537245/ /pubmed/34969625 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.001 Text en © 2021 Spanish General Council of Optometry. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Original Article Shneor, Einat Doron, Ravid Ostrin, Lisa A Gordon-Shaag, Ariela The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel |
title | The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel |
title_full | The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel |
title_fullStr | The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel |
title_full_unstemmed | The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel |
title_short | The prevalence of refractive errors in college students in Israel |
title_sort | prevalence of refractive errors in college students in israel |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537245/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34969625 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optom.2021.09.001 |
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