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Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma

Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases afflicting more than 70 million people worldwide. It is characterized by damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that ultimately leads to the death of the cells and vision loss. The diversity of RGC types has been appreciated for decades, and studies, including ou...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Gao, Jingyi, Provencio, Ignacio, Liu, Xiaorong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212698
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.992747
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author Gao, Jingyi
Provencio, Ignacio
Liu, Xiaorong
author_facet Gao, Jingyi
Provencio, Ignacio
Liu, Xiaorong
author_sort Gao, Jingyi
collection PubMed
description Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases afflicting more than 70 million people worldwide. It is characterized by damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that ultimately leads to the death of the cells and vision loss. The diversity of RGC types has been appreciated for decades, and studies, including ours, have shown that RGCs degenerate and die in a type-specific manner in rodent models of glaucoma. The type-specific loss of RGCs results in differential damage to visual and non-visual functions. One type of RGC, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC), expressing the photopigment melanopsin, serves a broad array of non-visual responses to light. Since its discovery, six subtypes of ipRGC have been described, each contributing to various image-forming and non-image-forming functions such as circadian photoentrainment, the pupillary light reflex, the photic control of mood and sleep, and visual contrast sensitivity. We recently demonstrated a link between type-specific ipRGC survival and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension. This review focuses on the type-specific ipRGC degeneration and associated behavioral changes in animal models and glaucoma patients. A better understanding of how glaucomatous insult impacts the ipRGC-based circuits will have broad impacts on improving the treatment of glaucoma-associated non-visual disorders.
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spelling pubmed-95376242022-10-08 Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma Gao, Jingyi Provencio, Ignacio Liu, Xiaorong Front Cell Neurosci Cellular Neuroscience Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases afflicting more than 70 million people worldwide. It is characterized by damage to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that ultimately leads to the death of the cells and vision loss. The diversity of RGC types has been appreciated for decades, and studies, including ours, have shown that RGCs degenerate and die in a type-specific manner in rodent models of glaucoma. The type-specific loss of RGCs results in differential damage to visual and non-visual functions. One type of RGC, the intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell (ipRGC), expressing the photopigment melanopsin, serves a broad array of non-visual responses to light. Since its discovery, six subtypes of ipRGC have been described, each contributing to various image-forming and non-image-forming functions such as circadian photoentrainment, the pupillary light reflex, the photic control of mood and sleep, and visual contrast sensitivity. We recently demonstrated a link between type-specific ipRGC survival and behavioral deficits in a mouse model of chronic ocular hypertension. This review focuses on the type-specific ipRGC degeneration and associated behavioral changes in animal models and glaucoma patients. A better understanding of how glaucomatous insult impacts the ipRGC-based circuits will have broad impacts on improving the treatment of glaucoma-associated non-visual disorders. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9537624/ /pubmed/36212698 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.992747 Text en Copyright © 2022 Gao, Provencio and Liu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular Neuroscience
Gao, Jingyi
Provencio, Ignacio
Liu, Xiaorong
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
title Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
title_full Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
title_fullStr Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
title_full_unstemmed Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
title_short Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
title_sort intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells in glaucoma
topic Cellular Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9537624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212698
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2022.992747
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