Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate

Pit latrines are used by billions of people globally, often in developing countries where they provide a low-tech and low-cost sanitation method. However, health and social problems can arise from a lack of emptying or maintenance of these facilities. A better understanding of the biological and env...

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Autores principales: Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan, Gundogdu, Ozan, Keating, Ciara, van Eekert, Miriam, Gibson, Walter, Parkhill, Julian, Abilahi, Faraji, Liseki, Benard, Nguyen, Viet-Anh, Sudgen, Steven, Quince, Christopher, Ensink, Jeroen H. J., Torondel, Belen, Walker, Alan W.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212864
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960747
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author Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan
Gundogdu, Ozan
Keating, Ciara
van Eekert, Miriam
Gibson, Walter
Parkhill, Julian
Abilahi, Faraji
Liseki, Benard
Nguyen, Viet-Anh
Sudgen, Steven
Quince, Christopher
Ensink, Jeroen H. J.
Torondel, Belen
Walker, Alan W.
author_facet Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan
Gundogdu, Ozan
Keating, Ciara
van Eekert, Miriam
Gibson, Walter
Parkhill, Julian
Abilahi, Faraji
Liseki, Benard
Nguyen, Viet-Anh
Sudgen, Steven
Quince, Christopher
Ensink, Jeroen H. J.
Torondel, Belen
Walker, Alan W.
author_sort Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan
collection PubMed
description Pit latrines are used by billions of people globally, often in developing countries where they provide a low-tech and low-cost sanitation method. However, health and social problems can arise from a lack of emptying or maintenance of these facilities. A better understanding of the biological and environmental parameters within pit latrines could inform attempts to enhance material decomposition rates, and therefore slow fill-up rate. In this study, we have performed a spatial analysis of 35 Tanzanian pit latrines to identify bacteria and environmental factors that are associated with faster or slower pit latrine fill-up rates. Using ordination of microbial community data, we observed a linear gradient in terms of beta diversity with increasing pit latrine sample depth, corresponding to a shift in microbial community structure from gut-associated families in the top layer to environmental- and wastewater-associated taxa at greater depths. We also investigated the bacteria and environmental parameters associated with fill-up rates, and identified pH, volatile solids, and volatile fatty acids as features strongly positively correlated with pit latrine fill-up rates, whereas phosphate was strongly negatively correlated with fill-up rate. A number of pit latrine microbiota taxa were also correlated with fill-up rates. Using a multivariate regression, we identified the Lactobacillaceae and Incertae_Sedis_XIII taxa as particularly strongly positively and negatively correlated with fill-up rate, respectively. This study therefore increases knowledge of the microbiota within pit latrines, and identifies potentially important bacteria and environmental variables associated with fill-up rates. These new insights may be useful for future studies investigating the decomposition process within pit latrines.
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spelling pubmed-95396662022-10-08 Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan Gundogdu, Ozan Keating, Ciara van Eekert, Miriam Gibson, Walter Parkhill, Julian Abilahi, Faraji Liseki, Benard Nguyen, Viet-Anh Sudgen, Steven Quince, Christopher Ensink, Jeroen H. J. Torondel, Belen Walker, Alan W. Front Microbiol Microbiology Pit latrines are used by billions of people globally, often in developing countries where they provide a low-tech and low-cost sanitation method. However, health and social problems can arise from a lack of emptying or maintenance of these facilities. A better understanding of the biological and environmental parameters within pit latrines could inform attempts to enhance material decomposition rates, and therefore slow fill-up rate. In this study, we have performed a spatial analysis of 35 Tanzanian pit latrines to identify bacteria and environmental factors that are associated with faster or slower pit latrine fill-up rates. Using ordination of microbial community data, we observed a linear gradient in terms of beta diversity with increasing pit latrine sample depth, corresponding to a shift in microbial community structure from gut-associated families in the top layer to environmental- and wastewater-associated taxa at greater depths. We also investigated the bacteria and environmental parameters associated with fill-up rates, and identified pH, volatile solids, and volatile fatty acids as features strongly positively correlated with pit latrine fill-up rates, whereas phosphate was strongly negatively correlated with fill-up rate. A number of pit latrine microbiota taxa were also correlated with fill-up rates. Using a multivariate regression, we identified the Lactobacillaceae and Incertae_Sedis_XIII taxa as particularly strongly positively and negatively correlated with fill-up rate, respectively. This study therefore increases knowledge of the microbiota within pit latrines, and identifies potentially important bacteria and environmental variables associated with fill-up rates. These new insights may be useful for future studies investigating the decomposition process within pit latrines. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9539666/ /pubmed/36212864 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960747 Text en Copyright © 2022 Ijaz, Gundogdu, Keating, Eekert, Gibson, Parkhill, Abilahi, Liseki, Nguyen, Sudgen, Quince, Ensink, Torondel and Walker. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Ijaz, Umer Zeeshan
Gundogdu, Ozan
Keating, Ciara
van Eekert, Miriam
Gibson, Walter
Parkhill, Julian
Abilahi, Faraji
Liseki, Benard
Nguyen, Viet-Anh
Sudgen, Steven
Quince, Christopher
Ensink, Jeroen H. J.
Torondel, Belen
Walker, Alan W.
Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
title Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
title_full Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
title_fullStr Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
title_short Analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
title_sort analysis of pit latrine microbiota reveals depth-related variation in composition, and key parameters and taxa associated with latrine fill-up rate
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9539666/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212864
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2022.960747
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