A Consistent Framework for Coupling Basal Friction With Subglacial Hydrology on Hard‐Bedded Glaciers

Below hard‐bedded glaciers, both basal friction and distributed subglacial drainage are thought to be controlled by a network of cavities. Previous coupled hydro‐mechanical models, however, describe cavity‐driven friction and hydraulic transmissivity independently, resulting in a physically inconsistent cavity evolution between the two components of the models. Here, we overcome this issue by describing the hydro‐mechanical system using a common cavity‐evolution description, that governs both transient friction and hydraulic transmissivity. We show that our coupling approach is superior to previous formulations in explaining a unique observation record of glacier sliding speed from the French Alps. We find that, at multi‐day to multi‐decadal timescales, sliding speed can be expressed as a direct function of basal shear stress and water discharge, without accounting for water pressure, which simply adjusts to maintain the cavitation ratio needed to accommodate the water supply.