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Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies

BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and improvement in weight gain with an energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula (EPEF) in infants with poor growth. METHODS: Infants aged 1–8 months with poor growth received EPEF for 16 weeks. Our primary objective was improvement in weight as measur...

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Autores principales: Goday, Praveen S., Lewis, Jeffery D., Sang, Charlie J., George, Donald E., McGoogan, Katherine E., Safta, Anca M., Seth, Anand, Krekel, Caitlin
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9540590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2308
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author Goday, Praveen S.
Lewis, Jeffery D.
Sang, Charlie J.
George, Donald E.
McGoogan, Katherine E.
Safta, Anca M.
Seth, Anand
Krekel, Caitlin
author_facet Goday, Praveen S.
Lewis, Jeffery D.
Sang, Charlie J.
George, Donald E.
McGoogan, Katherine E.
Safta, Anca M.
Seth, Anand
Krekel, Caitlin
author_sort Goday, Praveen S.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and improvement in weight gain with an energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula (EPEF) in infants with poor growth. METHODS: Infants aged 1–8 months with poor growth received EPEF for 16 weeks. Our primary objective was improvement in weight as measured by change in weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ) and weight gain velocity (grams per day) ≥ median for age. Secondary objectives included improvement in other anthropometric z‐scores, formula tolerance, and safety. RESULTS: Twenty‐six patients with poor growth due to congenital heart disease (n = 15), other organic causes (n = 9), and nonorganic causes (n = 2) completed the study per protocol. Mean daily energy intake was 123 ± 32 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight, with >90% of energy coming from EPEF. Weight gain velocity exceeded the median for 83% (20 of 24) and 67% (16 of 24) of infants at ≥1 time point and for the overall study period, respectively. Mean ± SD WAZ improved from −2.92 ± 1.04 at baseline to −2.01 ± 1.12 at 16 weeks (P = 0.0001). Z‐scores for weight‐for‐length and head circumference (P = 0.0001) and for length‐for‐age (P = 0.003) improved significantly at 16 weeks. Compared with baseline, stool consistency was different at 2, 4, and 16 weeks (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in vomiting, fussiness, or daily number of stools while there was a decrease or no change in spit‐up, flatulence, crying, or gassiness. CONCLUSION: EPEF is safe, well tolerated, and improves weight gain in infants with poor growth.
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spelling pubmed-95405902022-10-14 Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies Goday, Praveen S. Lewis, Jeffery D. Sang, Charlie J. George, Donald E. McGoogan, Katherine E. Safta, Anca M. Seth, Anand Krekel, Caitlin JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr Original Research BACKGROUND: We aimed to assess safety, tolerability, and improvement in weight gain with an energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula (EPEF) in infants with poor growth. METHODS: Infants aged 1–8 months with poor growth received EPEF for 16 weeks. Our primary objective was improvement in weight as measured by change in weight‐for‐age z‐score (WAZ) and weight gain velocity (grams per day) ≥ median for age. Secondary objectives included improvement in other anthropometric z‐scores, formula tolerance, and safety. RESULTS: Twenty‐six patients with poor growth due to congenital heart disease (n = 15), other organic causes (n = 9), and nonorganic causes (n = 2) completed the study per protocol. Mean daily energy intake was 123 ± 32 kilocalories per kilogram of body weight, with >90% of energy coming from EPEF. Weight gain velocity exceeded the median for 83% (20 of 24) and 67% (16 of 24) of infants at ≥1 time point and for the overall study period, respectively. Mean ± SD WAZ improved from −2.92 ± 1.04 at baseline to −2.01 ± 1.12 at 16 weeks (P = 0.0001). Z‐scores for weight‐for‐length and head circumference (P = 0.0001) and for length‐for‐age (P = 0.003) improved significantly at 16 weeks. Compared with baseline, stool consistency was different at 2, 4, and 16 weeks (P < 0.05). There were no significant differences in vomiting, fussiness, or daily number of stools while there was a decrease or no change in spit‐up, flatulence, crying, or gassiness. CONCLUSION: EPEF is safe, well tolerated, and improves weight gain in infants with poor growth. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-01-05 2022-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9540590/ /pubmed/34822187 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2308 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes.
spellingShingle Original Research
Goday, Praveen S.
Lewis, Jeffery D.
Sang, Charlie J.
George, Donald E.
McGoogan, Katherine E.
Safta, Anca M.
Seth, Anand
Krekel, Caitlin
Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
title Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
title_full Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
title_fullStr Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
title_full_unstemmed Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
title_short Energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
title_sort energy‐ and protein‐enriched formula improves weight gain in infants with malnutrition due to cardiac and noncardiac etiologies
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9540590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34822187
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jpen.2308
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