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Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms?
Dioecy is rare in flowering plants (5–6% of species), but is often controlled genetically by sex-linked regions (SLRs). It has so far been unclear whether, polyploidy affects sex chromosome evolution, as it does in animals, though polyploidy is quite common in angiosperms, including in dioecious spe...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9541106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.976765 |
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author | He, Li Hörandl, Elvira |
author_facet | He, Li Hörandl, Elvira |
author_sort | He, Li |
collection | PubMed |
description | Dioecy is rare in flowering plants (5–6% of species), but is often controlled genetically by sex-linked regions (SLRs). It has so far been unclear whether, polyploidy affects sex chromosome evolution, as it does in animals, though polyploidy is quite common in angiosperms, including in dioecious species. Plants could be different, as, unlike many animal systems, degenerated sex chromosomes, are uncommon in plants. Here we consider sex determination in plants and plant-specific factors, and propose that constraints created at the origin of polyploids limit successful polyploidization of species with SLRs. We consider the most likely case of a polyploid of a dioecious diploid with an established SLR, and discuss the outcome in autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The most stable system possibly has an SLR on just one chromosome, with a strongly dominant genetic factor in the heterogametic sex (e.g., xxxY male in a tetraploid). If recombination occurs with its homolog, this will prevent Y chromosome degeneration. Polyploidy may also allow for reversibility of multiplied Z or X chromosomes into autosomes. Otherwise, low dosage of Y-linked SLRs compared to their multiple homologous x copies may cause loss of reliable sex-determination at higher ploidy levels. We discuss some questions that can be studied using genome sequencing, chromosome level-assemblies, gene expression studies and analysis of loci under selection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9541106 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95411062022-10-08 Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? He, Li Hörandl, Elvira Front Plant Sci Plant Science Dioecy is rare in flowering plants (5–6% of species), but is often controlled genetically by sex-linked regions (SLRs). It has so far been unclear whether, polyploidy affects sex chromosome evolution, as it does in animals, though polyploidy is quite common in angiosperms, including in dioecious species. Plants could be different, as, unlike many animal systems, degenerated sex chromosomes, are uncommon in plants. Here we consider sex determination in plants and plant-specific factors, and propose that constraints created at the origin of polyploids limit successful polyploidization of species with SLRs. We consider the most likely case of a polyploid of a dioecious diploid with an established SLR, and discuss the outcome in autopolyploids and allopolyploids. The most stable system possibly has an SLR on just one chromosome, with a strongly dominant genetic factor in the heterogametic sex (e.g., xxxY male in a tetraploid). If recombination occurs with its homolog, this will prevent Y chromosome degeneration. Polyploidy may also allow for reversibility of multiplied Z or X chromosomes into autosomes. Otherwise, low dosage of Y-linked SLRs compared to their multiple homologous x copies may cause loss of reliable sex-determination at higher ploidy levels. We discuss some questions that can be studied using genome sequencing, chromosome level-assemblies, gene expression studies and analysis of loci under selection. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC9541106/ /pubmed/36212292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.976765 Text en Copyright © 2022 He and Hörandl. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Plant Science He, Li Hörandl, Elvira Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
title | Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
title_full | Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
title_fullStr | Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
title_full_unstemmed | Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
title_short | Does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
title_sort | does polyploidy inhibit sex chromosome evolution in angiosperms? |
topic | Plant Science |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9541106/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36212292 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2022.976765 |
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