Awake craniotomy for the resection of a Broca-sited cerebral cavernous malformation with a developmental venous anomaly using near-infrared indocyanine green video angiography

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are known to be angiographically occult malformations with low perfusion of blood flow.(5) Near-infrared indocyanine green (ICG) video angiography allows for intraoperative observation and documentation of blood flow in large and small vessels.(2,4) Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs) are thought to be the most common cerebral vascular abnormality.(2,3) The opportunity to differentiate intraoperatively between normal veins and DVA draining veins might be useful in the event of a possible venous sacrifice. Coagulation of the DVA can lead to devastating consequences. ICG reliably demonstrates margins between CCM and the venous structures.(1,2) For these reasons, we decided to use ICG video angiography in this patient. The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/9MONn0GkO4U.