Cargando…

Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?

Purpose: Reactive microglia are an important hallmark of neuroinflammation. Reactive microglia release various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, which are produced by enzymes like cyclooxygenases (COX). The inducible COX‐2 subtype has been associated with inf...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Ghazanfari, Nafiseh, van Waarde, Aren, Dierckx, Rudi A. J. O., Doorduin, Janine, de Vries, Erik F. J.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9542093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34346520
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24934
_version_ 1784804072764735488
author Ghazanfari, Nafiseh
van Waarde, Aren
Dierckx, Rudi A. J. O.
Doorduin, Janine
de Vries, Erik F. J.
author_facet Ghazanfari, Nafiseh
van Waarde, Aren
Dierckx, Rudi A. J. O.
Doorduin, Janine
de Vries, Erik F. J.
author_sort Ghazanfari, Nafiseh
collection PubMed
description Purpose: Reactive microglia are an important hallmark of neuroinflammation. Reactive microglia release various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, which are produced by enzymes like cyclooxygenases (COX). The inducible COX‐2 subtype has been associated with inflammation, whereas the constitutively expressed COX‐1 subtype is generally considered as a housekeeping enzyme. However, recent evidence suggests that COX‐1 can also be upregulated and may play a prominent role in the brain during neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the evidence that supports this involvement of COX‐1. Methods: Five databases were used to retrieve relevant studies that addressed COX‐1 in the context of neuroinflammation. The search resulted in 32 articles, describing in vitro, in vivo, post mortem, and in vivo imaging studies that specifically investigated the COX‐1 isoform under such conditions. Results: Reviewed literature generally indicated that the overexpression of COX‐1 was induced by an inflammatory stimulus, which resulted in an increased production of prostaglandin E2. The pharmacological inhibition of COX‐1 was shown to suppress the induction of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin E2. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in animal models confirmed the overexpression of COX‐1 during neuroinflammation. The same imaging method, however, could not detect any upregulation of COX‐1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Taken together, studies in cultured cells and living rodents suggest that COX‐1 is involved in neuroinflammation. Most postmortem studies on human brains indicate that the concentration of COX‐1‐expressing microglial cells is increased near sites of inflammation. However, evidence for the involvement of COX‐1 in neuroinflammation in the living human brain is still largely lacking.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-9542093
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2021
publisher John Wiley and Sons Inc.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-95420932022-10-14 Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation? Ghazanfari, Nafiseh van Waarde, Aren Dierckx, Rudi A. J. O. Doorduin, Janine de Vries, Erik F. J. J Neurosci Res Review Purpose: Reactive microglia are an important hallmark of neuroinflammation. Reactive microglia release various inflammatory mediators, such as cytokines, chemokines, and prostaglandins, which are produced by enzymes like cyclooxygenases (COX). The inducible COX‐2 subtype has been associated with inflammation, whereas the constitutively expressed COX‐1 subtype is generally considered as a housekeeping enzyme. However, recent evidence suggests that COX‐1 can also be upregulated and may play a prominent role in the brain during neuroinflammation. In this review, we summarize the evidence that supports this involvement of COX‐1. Methods: Five databases were used to retrieve relevant studies that addressed COX‐1 in the context of neuroinflammation. The search resulted in 32 articles, describing in vitro, in vivo, post mortem, and in vivo imaging studies that specifically investigated the COX‐1 isoform under such conditions. Results: Reviewed literature generally indicated that the overexpression of COX‐1 was induced by an inflammatory stimulus, which resulted in an increased production of prostaglandin E2. The pharmacological inhibition of COX‐1 was shown to suppress the induction of inflammatory mediators like prostaglandin E2. Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging studies in animal models confirmed the overexpression of COX‐1 during neuroinflammation. The same imaging method, however, could not detect any upregulation of COX‐1 in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Conclusion: Taken together, studies in cultured cells and living rodents suggest that COX‐1 is involved in neuroinflammation. Most postmortem studies on human brains indicate that the concentration of COX‐1‐expressing microglial cells is increased near sites of inflammation. However, evidence for the involvement of COX‐1 in neuroinflammation in the living human brain is still largely lacking. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2021-08-04 2021-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9542093/ /pubmed/34346520 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24934 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Neuroscience Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
spellingShingle Review
Ghazanfari, Nafiseh
van Waarde, Aren
Dierckx, Rudi A. J. O.
Doorduin, Janine
de Vries, Erik F. J.
Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
title Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
title_full Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
title_fullStr Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
title_full_unstemmed Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
title_short Is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
title_sort is cyclooxygenase‐1 involved in neuroinflammation?
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9542093/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34346520
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnr.24934
work_keys_str_mv AT ghazanfarinafiseh iscyclooxygenase1involvedinneuroinflammation
AT vanwaardearen iscyclooxygenase1involvedinneuroinflammation
AT dierckxrudiajo iscyclooxygenase1involvedinneuroinflammation
AT doorduinjanine iscyclooxygenase1involvedinneuroinflammation
AT devrieserikfj iscyclooxygenase1involvedinneuroinflammation