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Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction
Cannabis is the most frequently consumed illegal substance worldwide. More recently, an increasing number of legal cannabis products low in psychoactive Δ(9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but high in non‐intoxicating cannabidiol (CBD) are being more widely consumed. While the detection and quantificati...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9543167/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35187817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.3241 |
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author | Frei, Priska Frauchiger, Stephanie Scheurer, Eva Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender, Katja |
author_facet | Frei, Priska Frauchiger, Stephanie Scheurer, Eva Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender, Katja |
author_sort | Frei, Priska |
collection | PubMed |
description | Cannabis is the most frequently consumed illegal substance worldwide. More recently, an increasing number of legal cannabis products low in psychoactive Δ(9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but high in non‐intoxicating cannabidiol (CBD) are being more widely consumed. While the detection and quantification of THC and its metabolites in biological matrices is an important forensic‐toxicological task, additional detection of CBD is also important, for example, when examining the plausibility of consumer's statements. This report describes the method validation for the quantitative determination of THC and its two major metabolites, 11‐hydroxy‐THC (OH‐THC) and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THC (THC‐COOH), as well as CBD and cannabinol (CBN) in whole blood and urine. The method employs automated on‐line solid phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The method was fully validated according to guidelines of the Swiss Society of Legal Medicine (SGRM) and the Society of Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh). The method fulfilled the validation criteria regarding analytical limits, accuracy and precision, extraction efficacy, and sample stability. The limits of detection (LODs) in whole blood and urine were 0.15 ng/mL for THC, OH‐THC and CBD, 0.1 ng/mL for CBN, and 1.0 ng/mL for THC‐COOH. The limits of quantification (LOQ) in whole blood and urine were 0.3 ng/mL for THC, OH‐THC and CBD, 0.2 ng/mL for CBN, and 3.0 ng/mL for THC‐COOH. The fully validated and automated method allows sensitive and robust measurement of cannabinoids in whole blood and urine. Detection of CBD provides additional information regarding consumed products. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9543167 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95431672022-10-14 Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction Frei, Priska Frauchiger, Stephanie Scheurer, Eva Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender, Katja Drug Test Anal Research Articles Cannabis is the most frequently consumed illegal substance worldwide. More recently, an increasing number of legal cannabis products low in psychoactive Δ(9)‐tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) but high in non‐intoxicating cannabidiol (CBD) are being more widely consumed. While the detection and quantification of THC and its metabolites in biological matrices is an important forensic‐toxicological task, additional detection of CBD is also important, for example, when examining the plausibility of consumer's statements. This report describes the method validation for the quantitative determination of THC and its two major metabolites, 11‐hydroxy‐THC (OH‐THC) and 11‐nor‐9‐carboxy‐THC (THC‐COOH), as well as CBD and cannabinol (CBN) in whole blood and urine. The method employs automated on‐line solid phase extraction coupled to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). The method was fully validated according to guidelines of the Swiss Society of Legal Medicine (SGRM) and the Society of Toxicological and Forensic Chemistry (GTFCh). The method fulfilled the validation criteria regarding analytical limits, accuracy and precision, extraction efficacy, and sample stability. The limits of detection (LODs) in whole blood and urine were 0.15 ng/mL for THC, OH‐THC and CBD, 0.1 ng/mL for CBN, and 1.0 ng/mL for THC‐COOH. The limits of quantification (LOQ) in whole blood and urine were 0.3 ng/mL for THC, OH‐THC and CBD, 0.2 ng/mL for CBN, and 3.0 ng/mL for THC‐COOH. The fully validated and automated method allows sensitive and robust measurement of cannabinoids in whole blood and urine. Detection of CBD provides additional information regarding consumed products. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-02-28 2022-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9543167/ /pubmed/35187817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.3241 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Drug Testing and Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/) License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Frei, Priska Frauchiger, Stephanie Scheurer, Eva Mercer‐Chalmers‐Bender, Katja Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
title | Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
title_full | Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
title_fullStr | Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
title_full_unstemmed | Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
title_short | Quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
title_sort | quantitative determination of five cannabinoids in blood and urine by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry applying automated on‐line solid phase extraction |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9543167/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35187817 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.3241 |
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