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Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought
Earth's ecosystems are increasingly threatened by “hot drought,” which occurs when hot air temperatures coincide with precipitation deficits, intensifying the hydrological, physiological, and ecological effects of drought by enhancing evaporative losses of soil moisture (SM) and increasing plan...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
John Wiley and Sons Inc.
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9545136/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35452156 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16214 |
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author | Dannenberg, Matthew P. Yan, Dong Barnes, Mallory L. Smith, William K. Johnston, Miriam R. Scott, Russell L. Biederman, Joel A. Knowles, John F. Wang, Xian Duman, Tomer Litvak, Marcy E. Kimball, John S. Williams, A. Park Zhang, Yao |
author_facet | Dannenberg, Matthew P. Yan, Dong Barnes, Mallory L. Smith, William K. Johnston, Miriam R. Scott, Russell L. Biederman, Joel A. Knowles, John F. Wang, Xian Duman, Tomer Litvak, Marcy E. Kimball, John S. Williams, A. Park Zhang, Yao |
author_sort | Dannenberg, Matthew P. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Earth's ecosystems are increasingly threatened by “hot drought,” which occurs when hot air temperatures coincide with precipitation deficits, intensifying the hydrological, physiological, and ecological effects of drought by enhancing evaporative losses of soil moisture (SM) and increasing plant stress due to higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Drought‐induced reductions in gross primary production (GPP) exert a major influence on the terrestrial carbon sink, but the extent to which hotter and atmospherically drier conditions will amplify the effects of precipitation deficits on Earth's carbon cycle remains largely unknown. During summer and autumn 2020, the U.S. Southwest experienced one of the most intense hot droughts on record, with record‐low precipitation and record‐high air temperature and VPD across the region. Here, we use this natural experiment to evaluate the effects of hot drought on GPP and further decompose those negative GPP anomalies into their constituent meteorological and hydrological drivers. We found a 122 Tg C (>25%) reduction in GPP below the 2015–2019 mean, by far the lowest regional GPP over the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite record. Roughly half of the estimated GPP loss was attributable to low SM (likely a combination of record‐low precipitation and warming‐enhanced evaporative depletion), but record‐breaking VPD amplified the reduction of GPP, contributing roughly 40% of the GPP anomaly. Both air temperature and VPD are very likely to continue increasing over the next century, likely leading to more frequent and intense hot droughts and substantially enhancing drought‐induced GPP reductions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9545136 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | John Wiley and Sons Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95451362022-10-14 Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought Dannenberg, Matthew P. Yan, Dong Barnes, Mallory L. Smith, William K. Johnston, Miriam R. Scott, Russell L. Biederman, Joel A. Knowles, John F. Wang, Xian Duman, Tomer Litvak, Marcy E. Kimball, John S. Williams, A. Park Zhang, Yao Glob Chang Biol Research Articles Earth's ecosystems are increasingly threatened by “hot drought,” which occurs when hot air temperatures coincide with precipitation deficits, intensifying the hydrological, physiological, and ecological effects of drought by enhancing evaporative losses of soil moisture (SM) and increasing plant stress due to higher vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Drought‐induced reductions in gross primary production (GPP) exert a major influence on the terrestrial carbon sink, but the extent to which hotter and atmospherically drier conditions will amplify the effects of precipitation deficits on Earth's carbon cycle remains largely unknown. During summer and autumn 2020, the U.S. Southwest experienced one of the most intense hot droughts on record, with record‐low precipitation and record‐high air temperature and VPD across the region. Here, we use this natural experiment to evaluate the effects of hot drought on GPP and further decompose those negative GPP anomalies into their constituent meteorological and hydrological drivers. We found a 122 Tg C (>25%) reduction in GPP below the 2015–2019 mean, by far the lowest regional GPP over the Soil Moisture Active Passive satellite record. Roughly half of the estimated GPP loss was attributable to low SM (likely a combination of record‐low precipitation and warming‐enhanced evaporative depletion), but record‐breaking VPD amplified the reduction of GPP, contributing roughly 40% of the GPP anomaly. Both air temperature and VPD are very likely to continue increasing over the next century, likely leading to more frequent and intense hot droughts and substantially enhancing drought‐induced GPP reductions. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2022-05-11 2022-08 /pmc/articles/PMC9545136/ /pubmed/35452156 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16214 Text en © 2022 The Authors. Global Change Biology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. This article has been contributed to by US Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited and is not used for commercial purposes. |
spellingShingle | Research Articles Dannenberg, Matthew P. Yan, Dong Barnes, Mallory L. Smith, William K. Johnston, Miriam R. Scott, Russell L. Biederman, Joel A. Knowles, John F. Wang, Xian Duman, Tomer Litvak, Marcy E. Kimball, John S. Williams, A. Park Zhang, Yao Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought |
title | Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought |
title_full | Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought |
title_fullStr | Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought |
title_full_unstemmed | Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought |
title_short | Exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 U.S. Southwest hot drought |
title_sort | exceptional heat and atmospheric dryness amplified losses of primary production during the 2020 u.s. southwest hot drought |
topic | Research Articles |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9545136/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35452156 http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16214 |
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