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Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets
In this study, we analysed the impact of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrases on general health, redox status, immune response, liver lipids and metabolites in weaned piglets. Forty-four male piglets were allocated into four diets: control (n = 11), CH (control diet with 5% CH,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9546893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36207385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21238-9 |
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author | Martins, Cátia F. Lopes, Paula A. Palma, Mariana Pinto, Rui M. A. Costa, Mónica Alfaia, Cristina M. Pestana, José M. Coelho, Diogo Ribeiro, David M. Viegas, Ivan Almeida, André M. Freire, João P. B. Prates, José A. M. |
author_facet | Martins, Cátia F. Lopes, Paula A. Palma, Mariana Pinto, Rui M. A. Costa, Mónica Alfaia, Cristina M. Pestana, José M. Coelho, Diogo Ribeiro, David M. Viegas, Ivan Almeida, André M. Freire, João P. B. Prates, José A. M. |
author_sort | Martins, Cátia F. |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this study, we analysed the impact of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrases on general health, redox status, immune response, liver lipids and metabolites in weaned piglets. Forty-four male piglets were allocated into four diets: control (n = 11), CH (control diet with 5% CH, n = 10), CH+R (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP, n = 10), and CH+M (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture, n = 11). After 15 days of trial, animals were slaughtered and samples of blood and liver collected. Spectrophotometry methods and commercial kits were used to determine blood parameters and gas and liquid chromatography for hepatic fatty acid and chlorophylls profiles, respectively. While total, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol were increased by CH, the opposite was recorded for HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Piglets fed CH-based diets presented an increase of IgG and a decrease of IgM (p < 0.001) which along with lymphocytes exacerbation contributed for piglets’ survival after weaning. n−6 PUFA were reduced in piglets fed CH and the opposite occurred for n−3 PUFA (p < 0.001), thus benefiting n−6/n−3 ratio in the liver. Chlorophylls amount was not changed by the use of Rovabio or enzymatic mixture. The discriminant analysis applied to hepatic parameters revealed a clear separation between control and CH-based diets but failed to discriminate feed enzymes. Our findings indicate health promoting effects of CH as feed ingredient in piglets’ nutrition at weaning, without negatively impacting on animals’ performance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9546893 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95468932022-10-09 Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets Martins, Cátia F. Lopes, Paula A. Palma, Mariana Pinto, Rui M. A. Costa, Mónica Alfaia, Cristina M. Pestana, José M. Coelho, Diogo Ribeiro, David M. Viegas, Ivan Almeida, André M. Freire, João P. B. Prates, José A. M. Sci Rep Article In this study, we analysed the impact of dietary inclusion of Chlorella vulgaris and carbohydrases on general health, redox status, immune response, liver lipids and metabolites in weaned piglets. Forty-four male piglets were allocated into four diets: control (n = 11), CH (control diet with 5% CH, n = 10), CH+R (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.005% Rovabio Excel AP, n = 10), and CH+M (control diet with 5% CH plus 0.01% of a pre-selected four-CAZyme mixture, n = 11). After 15 days of trial, animals were slaughtered and samples of blood and liver collected. Spectrophotometry methods and commercial kits were used to determine blood parameters and gas and liquid chromatography for hepatic fatty acid and chlorophylls profiles, respectively. While total, LDL- and VLDL-cholesterol were increased by CH, the opposite was recorded for HDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001). Piglets fed CH-based diets presented an increase of IgG and a decrease of IgM (p < 0.001) which along with lymphocytes exacerbation contributed for piglets’ survival after weaning. n−6 PUFA were reduced in piglets fed CH and the opposite occurred for n−3 PUFA (p < 0.001), thus benefiting n−6/n−3 ratio in the liver. Chlorophylls amount was not changed by the use of Rovabio or enzymatic mixture. The discriminant analysis applied to hepatic parameters revealed a clear separation between control and CH-based diets but failed to discriminate feed enzymes. Our findings indicate health promoting effects of CH as feed ingredient in piglets’ nutrition at weaning, without negatively impacting on animals’ performance. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC9546893/ /pubmed/36207385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21238-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Martins, Cátia F. Lopes, Paula A. Palma, Mariana Pinto, Rui M. A. Costa, Mónica Alfaia, Cristina M. Pestana, José M. Coelho, Diogo Ribeiro, David M. Viegas, Ivan Almeida, André M. Freire, João P. B. Prates, José A. M. Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
title | Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
title_full | Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
title_fullStr | Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
title_full_unstemmed | Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
title_short | Impact of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
title_sort | impact of dietary chlorella vulgaris and feed enzymes on health status, immune response and liver metabolites in weaned piglets |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9546893/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36207385 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-21238-9 |
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