Apoptosis in field and experimental cases of avian influenza H(9)N(2) infection in broiler chickens in Iran

Avian influenza virus subtype H(9)N(2) is widely circulating around the globe affecting many species of animal including mammals and birds as well as human beings. The virus has pandemic potential due to segmented nature of the viral genome. Ultra-structural features of apoptosis in field and experimental infection of H(9)N(2) avian influenza virus were studied. Freshly dead birds from affected broiler farms and experimentally infected broiler chickens with H(9)N(2 )subtypes were subjected to routine necropsy. Post-mortem findings in different organs were recorded. Appropriate specimens from the trachea were taken for electron microscopy studies. In electron microscopy study, frequent apoptotic bodies were observed in the epithelial cells of the trachea. Increase of antibody titer to H(9)N(2) virus following challenge with the virus in experimental group indicates that the infectious cycle has been initiated in the affected birds.