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The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review

BACKGROUND: While employment programs were not created with the intent to improve common mental disorders (CMDs), they may have a positive impact on the prevalence, incidence, and severity of CMD by reducing poverty and increasing access to economic mobility. AIM: To examine and synthesize the avail...

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Autores principales: Evans, Libby, Lund, Crick, Massazza, Alessandro, Weir, Hannah, Fuhr, Daniela C
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: SAGE Publications 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9548920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35796434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207640221104684
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author Evans, Libby
Lund, Crick
Massazza, Alessandro
Weir, Hannah
Fuhr, Daniela C
author_facet Evans, Libby
Lund, Crick
Massazza, Alessandro
Weir, Hannah
Fuhr, Daniela C
author_sort Evans, Libby
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: While employment programs were not created with the intent to improve common mental disorders (CMDs), they may have a positive impact on the prevalence, incidence, and severity of CMD by reducing poverty and increasing access to economic mobility. AIM: To examine and synthesize the available quantitative evidence of the impact of employment programs on outcomes of CMD. METHODS: Embase, Econlit, Global Health, MEDLINE, APA PsychINFO, and Social Policy and Practice were searched for experimental and quasi-experimental studies which investigated the impact of employment programs on primary and secondary outcomes of a CMD. A narrative synthesis according to Popay was conducted. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale. RESULTS: Of the 1,327 studies retrieved, two randomized controlled trials, one retrospective cohort, one pilot study with a non-randomized experimental design, and one randomized field experiment were included in the final review. Employment programs generally included multiple components such as skills-based training, and hands-on placements. Depression and anxiety were the CMDs measured as primary or secondary outcomes within included studies. Findings regarding the impact of employment programs on CMD were mixed with two studies reporting significantly positive effects, two reporting no effects, and one reporting mixed effects. The quality among included studies was good overall with some concerns regarding internal validity. CONCLUSION: Employment programs may support a decrease in the prevalence, incidence, and severity of CMDs. However, there is high heterogeneity among study effects, designs, and contexts. More research is needed to gain further insight into the nature of this association and the mechanisms of impact. This review highlights the potential for employment programs and other poverty-reduction interventions to be utilized and integrated into the wider care, prevention, and treatment of common-mental disorders.
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spelling pubmed-95489202022-10-11 The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review Evans, Libby Lund, Crick Massazza, Alessandro Weir, Hannah Fuhr, Daniela C Int J Soc Psychiatry Reviews BACKGROUND: While employment programs were not created with the intent to improve common mental disorders (CMDs), they may have a positive impact on the prevalence, incidence, and severity of CMD by reducing poverty and increasing access to economic mobility. AIM: To examine and synthesize the available quantitative evidence of the impact of employment programs on outcomes of CMD. METHODS: Embase, Econlit, Global Health, MEDLINE, APA PsychINFO, and Social Policy and Practice were searched for experimental and quasi-experimental studies which investigated the impact of employment programs on primary and secondary outcomes of a CMD. A narrative synthesis according to Popay was conducted. The methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Newcastle-Ottawa Assessment Scale. RESULTS: Of the 1,327 studies retrieved, two randomized controlled trials, one retrospective cohort, one pilot study with a non-randomized experimental design, and one randomized field experiment were included in the final review. Employment programs generally included multiple components such as skills-based training, and hands-on placements. Depression and anxiety were the CMDs measured as primary or secondary outcomes within included studies. Findings regarding the impact of employment programs on CMD were mixed with two studies reporting significantly positive effects, two reporting no effects, and one reporting mixed effects. The quality among included studies was good overall with some concerns regarding internal validity. CONCLUSION: Employment programs may support a decrease in the prevalence, incidence, and severity of CMDs. However, there is high heterogeneity among study effects, designs, and contexts. More research is needed to gain further insight into the nature of this association and the mechanisms of impact. This review highlights the potential for employment programs and other poverty-reduction interventions to be utilized and integrated into the wider care, prevention, and treatment of common-mental disorders. SAGE Publications 2022-07-07 2022-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9548920/ /pubmed/35796434 http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207640221104684 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits any use, reproduction and distribution of the work without further permission provided the original work is attributed as specified on the SAGE and Open Access pages (https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/open-access-at-sage).
spellingShingle Reviews
Evans, Libby
Lund, Crick
Massazza, Alessandro
Weir, Hannah
Fuhr, Daniela C
The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review
title The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review
title_full The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review
title_fullStr The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review
title_full_unstemmed The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review
title_short The impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: A systematic review
title_sort impact of employment programs on common mental disorders: a systematic review
topic Reviews
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9548920/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35796434
http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207640221104684
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