UiO-66-based metal–organic framework for dispersive solid-phase extraction of vanillylmandelic acid from urine before analysis by capillary electrophoresis

Dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) was developed for the extraction of vanillylmandelic acid (VMA) in urine samples prior to capillary electrophoresis with diode array detection (CE-DAD). Extraction of VMA by DSPE was carried out by direct addition of 7.5 mg of synthesized amino-functionalized UiO-66 (Zr) metal–organic framework adsorbent into the 5 mL sample solution (pH 4.0), followed by sonication and centrifugation. The supernatant layer was discarded, then the sedimented adsorbent was eluted using borate buffer (75 mM, pH 10). Effective extraction parameters including the amount of adsorbent, sample pH, adsorption and desorption time, type, volume and pH of eluent, and type of adsorbent dispersion method were systematically investigated. Under the optimized conditions, linearity of the method was from 40 to 2000 μg L(−1) with a correlation coefficient over 0.9948. The method detection and quantification limits were 12 and 40 μg L(−1), respectively. The relative standard deviations for intra-and inter-day precision were 2.4 and 2.8% (n = 5), respectively. The extraction recovery and enrichment factor values were 90% and 9.0 respectively.