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Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants
BACKGROUND: Many countries have restricted public life in order to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). As a side effect of related measures, physical activity (PA) levels may have decreased. OBJECTIVE: We aimed (1) to quantify changes in PA and (2) to identify variables potentia...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9551244/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x |
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author | Wilke, Jan Rahlf, Anna Lina Füzéki, Eszter Groneberg, David A. Hespanhol, Luiz Mai, Patrick de Oliveira, Gabriela Martins Robbin, Johanna Tan, Benedict Willwacher, Steffen Hollander, Karsten Pillay, Julian David |
author_facet | Wilke, Jan Rahlf, Anna Lina Füzéki, Eszter Groneberg, David A. Hespanhol, Luiz Mai, Patrick de Oliveira, Gabriela Martins Robbin, Johanna Tan, Benedict Willwacher, Steffen Hollander, Karsten Pillay, Julian David |
author_sort | Wilke, Jan |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Many countries have restricted public life in order to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). As a side effect of related measures, physical activity (PA) levels may have decreased. OBJECTIVE: We aimed (1) to quantify changes in PA and (2) to identify variables potentially predicting PA reductions. METHODS: A systematic review with random-effects multilevel meta-analysis was performed, pooling the standardized mean differences in PA measures before and during public life restrictions. RESULTS: A total of 173 trials with moderate methodological quality (modified Downs and Black checklist) were identified. Compared to pre-pandemic, total PA (SMD − 0.65, 95% CI − 1.10 to − 0.21) and walking (SMD − 0.52, 95% CI − 0.29 to − 0.76) decreased while sedentary behavior increased (SMD 0.91, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.65). Reductions in PA affected all intensities (light: SMD − 0.35, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.61, p = .013; moderate: SMD − 0.33, 95% CI − 0.02 to − 0.6; vigorous: SMD − 0.33, − 0.08 to − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.08 to − 0.58) to a similar degree. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of variables such as sex, age, body mass index, or health status. However, the only continent without a PA reduction was Australia and cross-sectional trials yielded higher effect sizes (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in moderate reductions in PA levels and large increases in sedentary behavior. Health professionals and policy makers should therefore join forces to develop strategies counteracting the adverse effects of inactivity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9551244 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95512442022-10-11 Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants Wilke, Jan Rahlf, Anna Lina Füzéki, Eszter Groneberg, David A. Hespanhol, Luiz Mai, Patrick de Oliveira, Gabriela Martins Robbin, Johanna Tan, Benedict Willwacher, Steffen Hollander, Karsten Pillay, Julian David Sports Med Open Systematic Review BACKGROUND: Many countries have restricted public life in order to contain the spread of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV2). As a side effect of related measures, physical activity (PA) levels may have decreased. OBJECTIVE: We aimed (1) to quantify changes in PA and (2) to identify variables potentially predicting PA reductions. METHODS: A systematic review with random-effects multilevel meta-analysis was performed, pooling the standardized mean differences in PA measures before and during public life restrictions. RESULTS: A total of 173 trials with moderate methodological quality (modified Downs and Black checklist) were identified. Compared to pre-pandemic, total PA (SMD − 0.65, 95% CI − 1.10 to − 0.21) and walking (SMD − 0.52, 95% CI − 0.29 to − 0.76) decreased while sedentary behavior increased (SMD 0.91, 95% CI: 0.17 to 1.65). Reductions in PA affected all intensities (light: SMD − 0.35, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.61, p = .013; moderate: SMD − 0.33, 95% CI − 0.02 to − 0.6; vigorous: SMD − 0.33, − 0.08 to − 0.58, 95% CI − 0.08 to − 0.58) to a similar degree. Moderator analyses revealed no influence of variables such as sex, age, body mass index, or health status. However, the only continent without a PA reduction was Australia and cross-sectional trials yielded higher effect sizes (p < .05). CONCLUSION: Public life restrictions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic resulted in moderate reductions in PA levels and large increases in sedentary behavior. Health professionals and policy makers should therefore join forces to develop strategies counteracting the adverse effects of inactivity. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x. Springer International Publishing 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9551244/ /pubmed/36219269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Systematic Review Wilke, Jan Rahlf, Anna Lina Füzéki, Eszter Groneberg, David A. Hespanhol, Luiz Mai, Patrick de Oliveira, Gabriela Martins Robbin, Johanna Tan, Benedict Willwacher, Steffen Hollander, Karsten Pillay, Julian David Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants |
title | Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants |
title_full | Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants |
title_fullStr | Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants |
title_full_unstemmed | Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants |
title_short | Physical Activity During Lockdowns Associated with the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-analysis of 173 Studies with 320,636 Participants |
title_sort | physical activity during lockdowns associated with the covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and multilevel meta-analysis of 173 studies with 320,636 participants |
topic | Systematic Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9551244/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36219269 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s40798-022-00515-x |
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