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Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain

BACKGROUND: Sexual harassment is a type of coercion, including social pressure, intimidation, physical force, and verbal acts, in addition to other forms such as cyber-harassment, recognized as a major important public health problem. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, based on a survey administer...

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Autores principales: Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera, Serra, Laura, Canals, Carme Saurina, Sanz-Barbero, Belén, Vives-Cases, Carmen, López, Maria José, Otero-García, Laura, Pérez, Gloria, Renart-Vicens, Gemma
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9551249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36221078
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14264-9
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author Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera
Serra, Laura
Canals, Carme Saurina
Sanz-Barbero, Belén
Vives-Cases, Carmen
López, Maria José
Otero-García, Laura
Pérez, Gloria
Renart-Vicens, Gemma
author_facet Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera
Serra, Laura
Canals, Carme Saurina
Sanz-Barbero, Belén
Vives-Cases, Carmen
López, Maria José
Otero-García, Laura
Pérez, Gloria
Renart-Vicens, Gemma
author_sort Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Sexual harassment is a type of coercion, including social pressure, intimidation, physical force, and verbal acts, in addition to other forms such as cyber-harassment, recognized as a major important public health problem. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, based on a survey administered online to men and women aged 18 to 35 years and living in Spain throughout 15th and 28th October 2020, aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with sexual harassment among young people in Spain within the last 12 months, particularly according to the COVID-19 lockdown period. It has been conducted by bivariate analysis and robust Poisson regression models. The final sample includes 2.515 participants. RESULTS: The results indicate that women were almost twice as likely as men to experience sexual harassment (49% vs 22.2%). Also, among heterosexual men and women, the estimated prevalence was lower concerning that observed among bisexuals, gays, and lesbians (31.5% vs 53, 39.2, and 34.6% respectively). The prevalence percentage in the 18–24 age group was twice high as that observed in the 30–35 age group. Finally, during the lockdown period, the harassment through electronic channels increased (32.6% vs 16.5 and 17.8% before and after this period, respectively) and decreased on public roads (22.9% vs 63.4 and 54.4% pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively). CONCLUSION: These findings highlight that sexual harassment presents a high prevalence among young people, especially cyber-harassment, and workplace harassment and it is important to be aware that young women are more likely to suffer harassment and even more if they do not have a partner or have LGB orientation. During the lockdown sexual harassment has moved from public spaces to the social network. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14264-9.
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spelling pubmed-95512492022-10-11 Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera Serra, Laura Canals, Carme Saurina Sanz-Barbero, Belén Vives-Cases, Carmen López, Maria José Otero-García, Laura Pérez, Gloria Renart-Vicens, Gemma BMC Public Health Research BACKGROUND: Sexual harassment is a type of coercion, including social pressure, intimidation, physical force, and verbal acts, in addition to other forms such as cyber-harassment, recognized as a major important public health problem. METHODS: This cross-sectional study, based on a survey administered online to men and women aged 18 to 35 years and living in Spain throughout 15th and 28th October 2020, aims to analyze the prevalence and factors associated with sexual harassment among young people in Spain within the last 12 months, particularly according to the COVID-19 lockdown period. It has been conducted by bivariate analysis and robust Poisson regression models. The final sample includes 2.515 participants. RESULTS: The results indicate that women were almost twice as likely as men to experience sexual harassment (49% vs 22.2%). Also, among heterosexual men and women, the estimated prevalence was lower concerning that observed among bisexuals, gays, and lesbians (31.5% vs 53, 39.2, and 34.6% respectively). The prevalence percentage in the 18–24 age group was twice high as that observed in the 30–35 age group. Finally, during the lockdown period, the harassment through electronic channels increased (32.6% vs 16.5 and 17.8% before and after this period, respectively) and decreased on public roads (22.9% vs 63.4 and 54.4% pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods, respectively). CONCLUSION: These findings highlight that sexual harassment presents a high prevalence among young people, especially cyber-harassment, and workplace harassment and it is important to be aware that young women are more likely to suffer harassment and even more if they do not have a partner or have LGB orientation. During the lockdown sexual harassment has moved from public spaces to the social network. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14264-9. BioMed Central 2022-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC9551249/ /pubmed/36221078 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14264-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.
spellingShingle Research
Casanovas, Laura Vall-Llosera
Serra, Laura
Canals, Carme Saurina
Sanz-Barbero, Belén
Vives-Cases, Carmen
López, Maria José
Otero-García, Laura
Pérez, Gloria
Renart-Vicens, Gemma
Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
title Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
title_full Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
title_fullStr Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
title_short Prevalence of sexual harassment among young Spaniards before, during, and after the COVID-19 lockdown period in Spain
title_sort prevalence of sexual harassment among young spaniards before, during, and after the covid-19 lockdown period in spain
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9551249/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36221078
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14264-9
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