The Effects of a Multimedia Education on Self-Efficacy and Self-Esteem among Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Clinical Randomized Trial

BACKGROUND: Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) is the first leading cause of death in the industrial world. It is associated with low self-esteem and self-efficacy. Given that patient education is a key role of nurses, this study sought to evaluate the effects of multimedia education on self-efficacy and self-esteem among patients with ACS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in 2017 on 60 patients recruited from the two coronary care units of Hajar and Kashani hospitals, Shahrekord, Iran. Participants were randomly allocated to an intervention and a control group. The study intervention was a multimedia educational program. Data were collected before and 1 and 2 months after the intervention onset using a demographic questionnaire, the Cardiac Self-Efficacy Scale, and Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory. Data analyses were performed using repeated measures analysis of variance, t-test, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test. RESULTS: The mean score of self-efficacy in the intervention group (F(2) = 119.26, p < 0.001) and in the control group (F(2) = 74.21, p < 0.001) significantly increased across the three measurement time points. The mean score of self-esteem in the intervention group significantly increased across the three measurement time points (F(2) = 101.19, p < 0.001), while it remained significantly unchanged in the control group (F(2) = 2.56, p = 0.086). CONCLUSIONS: Multimedia education is effective in significantly improving self-efficacy and self-esteem among patients with ACS. Therefore, nurses can use this strategy to improve these patients’ self-efficacy and self-esteem.