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Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Drug-induced photosensitivity (DIP) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction, resulting from the interaction of ultraviolet radiations, mostly ultraviolet A, with drugs. DIP includes phototoxicity and photoallergy. A phototoxic reaction is obtained when topical and systemic drugs or their metabol...

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Autores principales: Di Bartolomeo, Luca, Irrera, Natasha, Campo, Giuseppe Maurizio, Borgia, Francesco, Motolese, Alfonso, Vaccaro, Federico, Squadrito, Francesco, Altavilla, Domenica, Condorelli, Alessandra Grazia, Motolese, Alberico, Vaccaro, Mario
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9552952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36238932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.876695
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author Di Bartolomeo, Luca
Irrera, Natasha
Campo, Giuseppe Maurizio
Borgia, Francesco
Motolese, Alfonso
Vaccaro, Federico
Squadrito, Francesco
Altavilla, Domenica
Condorelli, Alessandra Grazia
Motolese, Alberico
Vaccaro, Mario
author_facet Di Bartolomeo, Luca
Irrera, Natasha
Campo, Giuseppe Maurizio
Borgia, Francesco
Motolese, Alfonso
Vaccaro, Federico
Squadrito, Francesco
Altavilla, Domenica
Condorelli, Alessandra Grazia
Motolese, Alberico
Vaccaro, Mario
author_sort Di Bartolomeo, Luca
collection PubMed
description Drug-induced photosensitivity (DIP) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction, resulting from the interaction of ultraviolet radiations, mostly ultraviolet A, with drugs. DIP includes phototoxicity and photoallergy. A phototoxic reaction is obtained when topical and systemic drugs or their metabolites absorb light inducing a direct cellular damage, while a photoallergic reaction takes place when the interaction between drugs and ultraviolet radiations causes an immune cutaneous response. Clinically, phototoxicity is immediate and appears as an exaggerated sunburn, whereas photoallergy is a delayed eczematous reaction. DIP may show several clinical subtypes. In this mini-review we report the pathogenetic mechanisms and causative drugs of DIP. We offer a detailed description of DIP clinical features in its classical and unusual subtypes, such as hyperpigmentation/dyschromia, pseudoporphyria, photo-onycolysis, eruptive teleangiectasia, pellagra-like reaction, lichenoid reaction, photodistributed erythema multiforme and subacute/chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We described how physicians may early recognize and manage DIP, including diagnostic tests to rule out similar conditions. We made suggestions on how to improve sun exposure behaviors of patients at risk of DIP by means of an aware use of sunscreens, protective clothing and recent technologic tools. We highlighted the lack of sun safety programs addressed to patients at risk of DIP, who need a formal education about their condition.
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spelling pubmed-95529522022-10-12 Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms Di Bartolomeo, Luca Irrera, Natasha Campo, Giuseppe Maurizio Borgia, Francesco Motolese, Alfonso Vaccaro, Federico Squadrito, Francesco Altavilla, Domenica Condorelli, Alessandra Grazia Motolese, Alberico Vaccaro, Mario Front Allergy Allergy Drug-induced photosensitivity (DIP) is a common cutaneous adverse drug reaction, resulting from the interaction of ultraviolet radiations, mostly ultraviolet A, with drugs. DIP includes phototoxicity and photoallergy. A phototoxic reaction is obtained when topical and systemic drugs or their metabolites absorb light inducing a direct cellular damage, while a photoallergic reaction takes place when the interaction between drugs and ultraviolet radiations causes an immune cutaneous response. Clinically, phototoxicity is immediate and appears as an exaggerated sunburn, whereas photoallergy is a delayed eczematous reaction. DIP may show several clinical subtypes. In this mini-review we report the pathogenetic mechanisms and causative drugs of DIP. We offer a detailed description of DIP clinical features in its classical and unusual subtypes, such as hyperpigmentation/dyschromia, pseudoporphyria, photo-onycolysis, eruptive teleangiectasia, pellagra-like reaction, lichenoid reaction, photodistributed erythema multiforme and subacute/chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. We described how physicians may early recognize and manage DIP, including diagnostic tests to rule out similar conditions. We made suggestions on how to improve sun exposure behaviors of patients at risk of DIP by means of an aware use of sunscreens, protective clothing and recent technologic tools. We highlighted the lack of sun safety programs addressed to patients at risk of DIP, who need a formal education about their condition. Frontiers Media S.A. 2022-06-20 /pmc/articles/PMC9552952/ /pubmed/36238932 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.876695 Text en Copyright © 2022 Di Bartolomeo, Irrera, Campo, Borgia, Motolese, Vaccaro, Squadrito, Altavilla, Condorelli, Motolese and Vaccaro. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Allergy
Di Bartolomeo, Luca
Irrera, Natasha
Campo, Giuseppe Maurizio
Borgia, Francesco
Motolese, Alfonso
Vaccaro, Federico
Squadrito, Francesco
Altavilla, Domenica
Condorelli, Alessandra Grazia
Motolese, Alberico
Vaccaro, Mario
Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
title Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
title_full Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
title_fullStr Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
title_full_unstemmed Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
title_short Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Clinical Types of Phototoxicity and Photoallergy and Pathogenetic Mechanisms
title_sort drug-induced photosensitivity: clinical types of phototoxicity and photoallergy and pathogenetic mechanisms
topic Allergy
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9552952/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36238932
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/falgy.2022.876695
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