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Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management
Behavior therapy implementation relies in part on training to foster counselor skills in preparation for delivery with fidelity. Amidst Covid-19, the professional education arena witnessed a rapid shift from in-person to virtual training, yet these modalities’ relative utility and expense is unknown...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Springer International Publishing
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36246531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41347-022-00283-1 |
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author | Hartzler, Bryan Hinde, Jesse Lang, Sharon Correia, Nicholas Yermash, Julia Yap, Kim Murphy, Cara M. Ruwala, Richa Rash, Carla J. Becker, Sara J. Garner, Bryan R. |
author_facet | Hartzler, Bryan Hinde, Jesse Lang, Sharon Correia, Nicholas Yermash, Julia Yap, Kim Murphy, Cara M. Ruwala, Richa Rash, Carla J. Becker, Sara J. Garner, Bryan R. |
author_sort | Hartzler, Bryan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Behavior therapy implementation relies in part on training to foster counselor skills in preparation for delivery with fidelity. Amidst Covid-19, the professional education arena witnessed a rapid shift from in-person to virtual training, yet these modalities’ relative utility and expense is unknown. In the context of a cluster-randomized hybrid type 3 trial of contingency management (CM) implementation in opioid treatment programs (OTPs), a multi-cohort design presented rare opportunity to compare cost-effectiveness of virtual vs. in-person training. An initial counselor cohort (n = 26) from eight OTPs attended in-person training, and a subsequent cohort (n = 31) from ten OTPs attended virtual training. Common training elements were the facilitator, learning objectives, and educational strategies/activities. All clinicians submitted a post-training role-play, independently scored with a validated fidelity instrument for which performances were compared against benchmarks representing initial readiness and advanced proficiency. To examine the utility and expense of in-person and virtual trainings, cohort-specific rates for benchmark attainment were computed, and per-clinician expenses were estimated. Adjusted between-cohort differences were estimated via ordinary least squares, and an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Readiness and proficiency benchmarks were attained at rates 12–14% higher among clinicians attending virtual training, for which aggregated costs indicated a $399 per-clinician savings relative to in-person training. Accordingly, the ICER identified virtual training as the dominant strategy, reflecting greater cost-effectiveness across willingness-to-pay values. Study findings document greater utility, lesser expense, and cost-effectiveness of virtual training, which may inform post-pandemic dissemination of CM and other therapies. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9553630 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Springer International Publishing |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95536302022-10-12 Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management Hartzler, Bryan Hinde, Jesse Lang, Sharon Correia, Nicholas Yermash, Julia Yap, Kim Murphy, Cara M. Ruwala, Richa Rash, Carla J. Becker, Sara J. Garner, Bryan R. J Technol Behav Sci Article Behavior therapy implementation relies in part on training to foster counselor skills in preparation for delivery with fidelity. Amidst Covid-19, the professional education arena witnessed a rapid shift from in-person to virtual training, yet these modalities’ relative utility and expense is unknown. In the context of a cluster-randomized hybrid type 3 trial of contingency management (CM) implementation in opioid treatment programs (OTPs), a multi-cohort design presented rare opportunity to compare cost-effectiveness of virtual vs. in-person training. An initial counselor cohort (n = 26) from eight OTPs attended in-person training, and a subsequent cohort (n = 31) from ten OTPs attended virtual training. Common training elements were the facilitator, learning objectives, and educational strategies/activities. All clinicians submitted a post-training role-play, independently scored with a validated fidelity instrument for which performances were compared against benchmarks representing initial readiness and advanced proficiency. To examine the utility and expense of in-person and virtual trainings, cohort-specific rates for benchmark attainment were computed, and per-clinician expenses were estimated. Adjusted between-cohort differences were estimated via ordinary least squares, and an incremental cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated. Readiness and proficiency benchmarks were attained at rates 12–14% higher among clinicians attending virtual training, for which aggregated costs indicated a $399 per-clinician savings relative to in-person training. Accordingly, the ICER identified virtual training as the dominant strategy, reflecting greater cost-effectiveness across willingness-to-pay values. Study findings document greater utility, lesser expense, and cost-effectiveness of virtual training, which may inform post-pandemic dissemination of CM and other therapies. Springer International Publishing 2022-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9553630/ /pubmed/36246531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41347-022-00283-1 Text en © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic. |
spellingShingle | Article Hartzler, Bryan Hinde, Jesse Lang, Sharon Correia, Nicholas Yermash, Julia Yap, Kim Murphy, Cara M. Ruwala, Richa Rash, Carla J. Becker, Sara J. Garner, Bryan R. Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management |
title | Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management |
title_full | Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management |
title_fullStr | Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management |
title_full_unstemmed | Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management |
title_short | Virtual Training Is More Cost-Effective Than In-Person Training for Preparing Staff to Implement Contingency Management |
title_sort | virtual training is more cost-effective than in-person training for preparing staff to implement contingency management |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553630/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36246531 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41347-022-00283-1 |
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