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Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings
Heteroresiatnce (HR) is the type of resistance toward one or more antibiotics appearing as a population of the bacterial load consisting of one or more subpopulations with lower antibiotic susceptibility levels than others. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis of HR isolates and their importance...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2022
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36249589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3916980 |
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author | Abavisani, Mohammad Kodori, Mansoor Akrami, Fariba Radfar, Ali Hashemi, Ali |
author_facet | Abavisani, Mohammad Kodori, Mansoor Akrami, Fariba Radfar, Ali Hashemi, Ali |
author_sort | Abavisani, Mohammad |
collection | PubMed |
description | Heteroresiatnce (HR) is the type of resistance toward one or more antibiotics appearing as a population of the bacterial load consisting of one or more subpopulations with lower antibiotic susceptibility levels than others. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis of HR isolates and their importance in resistance emergence to antibiotics, investigating the origins, emergence factors, and HR inhibitors is critical in combating antibiotic resistance. Efflux pumps (EPs) are bacterial systems that own an influential role in acquiring resistance toward anti-bacterial compounds. Studies on EPs revealed that they can affect HR emergence mechanisms and are competent to be introduced as a suitable bacterial target for diagnostic and therapeutic development in combating HR isolates. This review will consider the relations between EPs and the emergence of HR isolates and discuss their importance in confronting this type of antibiotic resistance. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9553693 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95536932022-10-13 Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings Abavisani, Mohammad Kodori, Mansoor Akrami, Fariba Radfar, Ali Hashemi, Ali Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol Review Article Heteroresiatnce (HR) is the type of resistance toward one or more antibiotics appearing as a population of the bacterial load consisting of one or more subpopulations with lower antibiotic susceptibility levels than others. Due to the lack of appropriate diagnosis of HR isolates and their importance in resistance emergence to antibiotics, investigating the origins, emergence factors, and HR inhibitors is critical in combating antibiotic resistance. Efflux pumps (EPs) are bacterial systems that own an influential role in acquiring resistance toward anti-bacterial compounds. Studies on EPs revealed that they can affect HR emergence mechanisms and are competent to be introduced as a suitable bacterial target for diagnostic and therapeutic development in combating HR isolates. This review will consider the relations between EPs and the emergence of HR isolates and discuss their importance in confronting this type of antibiotic resistance. Hindawi 2022-09-19 /pmc/articles/PMC9553693/ /pubmed/36249589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3916980 Text en Copyright © 2022 Mohammad Abavisani et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Review Article Abavisani, Mohammad Kodori, Mansoor Akrami, Fariba Radfar, Ali Hashemi, Ali Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings |
title | Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings |
title_full | Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings |
title_fullStr | Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings |
title_full_unstemmed | Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings |
title_short | Relationships between Efflux Pumps and Emergence of Heteroresistance: A Comprehensive Study on the Current Findings |
title_sort | relationships between efflux pumps and emergence of heteroresistance: a comprehensive study on the current findings |
topic | Review Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9553693/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36249589 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3916980 |
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