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Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities
Respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. The current pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) challenged human beings for the treatment and prevention of this respiratory viral infection since its outbreak in 2019. Despite advancements in the medical field, scientis...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd.
2022
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554202/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36240985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102170 |
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author | Nainwal, Nidhi |
author_facet | Nainwal, Nidhi |
author_sort | Nainwal, Nidhi |
collection | PubMed |
description | Respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. The current pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) challenged human beings for the treatment and prevention of this respiratory viral infection since its outbreak in 2019. Despite advancements in the medical field, scientists were helpless to give timely treatment and protection against this viral infection. Several drugs, whether antiviral or not, were given to the patients to reduce mortality and morbidity rate. Vaccines from various pharmaceutical manufacturers are now available to give immunization against covid-19. Still, coronavirus is continuously affecting people in the form of variants after mutation. Each new variant increases the infection risk and forces scientists to develop some innovative and effective treatments for this infection. The virus uses the host's cell machinery to grow and multiply in numbers. Therefore, scientists are facing challenges to develop antivirals that stop the virus without damaging the host cells too. The production of suitable antivirals or vaccines for the new virus would take several months, allowing the strain to cause severe damage to life. Inhalable formulation facilitates the delivery of medicinal products directly to the respiratory system without causing unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption. Scientists are focusing on developing an inhaled version of the existing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory infections. This review focused on the inhalable formulations of antiviral agents in various respiratory viral infections including the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and important findings of the clinical studies. We also reviewed repurposed drugs that have been given through inhalation in covid-19 infection. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-9554202 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2022 |
publisher | Elsevier Ltd. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-95542022022-10-12 Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities Nainwal, Nidhi Pulm Pharmacol Ther Article Respiratory viral infections are the leading cause of death worldwide. The current pandemic of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) challenged human beings for the treatment and prevention of this respiratory viral infection since its outbreak in 2019. Despite advancements in the medical field, scientists were helpless to give timely treatment and protection against this viral infection. Several drugs, whether antiviral or not, were given to the patients to reduce mortality and morbidity rate. Vaccines from various pharmaceutical manufacturers are now available to give immunization against covid-19. Still, coronavirus is continuously affecting people in the form of variants after mutation. Each new variant increases the infection risk and forces scientists to develop some innovative and effective treatments for this infection. The virus uses the host's cell machinery to grow and multiply in numbers. Therefore, scientists are facing challenges to develop antivirals that stop the virus without damaging the host cells too. The production of suitable antivirals or vaccines for the new virus would take several months, allowing the strain to cause severe damage to life. Inhalable formulation facilitates the delivery of medicinal products directly to the respiratory system without causing unwanted side effects associated with systemic absorption. Scientists are focusing on developing an inhaled version of the existing antivirals for the treatment of respiratory infections. This review focused on the inhalable formulations of antiviral agents in various respiratory viral infections including the ongoing covid-19 pandemic and important findings of the clinical studies. We also reviewed repurposed drugs that have been given through inhalation in covid-19 infection. Elsevier Ltd. 2022-12 2022-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9554202/ /pubmed/36240985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102170 Text en © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Article Nainwal, Nidhi Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities |
title | Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities |
title_full | Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities |
title_fullStr | Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities |
title_full_unstemmed | Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities |
title_short | Treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: Challenges and opportunities |
title_sort | treatment of respiratory viral infections through inhalation therapeutics: challenges and opportunities |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9554202/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36240985 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102170 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT nainwalnidhi treatmentofrespiratoryviralinfectionsthroughinhalationtherapeuticschallengesandopportunities |