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Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders

Aposematic bright colors have a key role for animal defense and can be expressed through metabolic production or by acquiring pigments from diet. Aposematic coloration can be related to both local adaptations and availability of trophic resources. The European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra)...

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Autores principales: Barzaghi, Benedetta, Melotto, Andrea, Cogliati, Paola, Manenti, Raoul, Ficetola, Gentile Francesco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group UK 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36224211
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19466-0
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author Barzaghi, Benedetta
Melotto, Andrea
Cogliati, Paola
Manenti, Raoul
Ficetola, Gentile Francesco
author_facet Barzaghi, Benedetta
Melotto, Andrea
Cogliati, Paola
Manenti, Raoul
Ficetola, Gentile Francesco
author_sort Barzaghi, Benedetta
collection PubMed
description Aposematic bright colors have a key role for animal defense and can be expressed through metabolic production or by acquiring pigments from diet. Aposematic coloration can be related to both local adaptations and availability of trophic resources. The European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) shows significant color variability and occurs across a broad range of habitats. Here we combined field observations with common rearing experiments to disentangle the role of environmental conditions and local adaptations in determining aposematic coloration of salamander populations. We assessed color variation and measured habitat features and food availability in adults from 25 populations. Furthermore, we reared newborn larvae from 10 populations under different food availability and analyzed color of metamorphs. To assess color pattern, we measured the percentage of yellow covering the body, and the Hue, Saturation and Value of yellow coloration. Adult showed strong variation of color pattern; variation was strongly related to the individual's size, to habitat productivity and to food availability. Under common garden conditions, differences between populations were not anymore evident, and coloration was only affected by resource availability during larval development. Our results suggest that environmental conditions and food availability are more important than local adaptations in determining differences in aposematic color pattern.
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spelling pubmed-95565312022-10-14 Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders Barzaghi, Benedetta Melotto, Andrea Cogliati, Paola Manenti, Raoul Ficetola, Gentile Francesco Sci Rep Article Aposematic bright colors have a key role for animal defense and can be expressed through metabolic production or by acquiring pigments from diet. Aposematic coloration can be related to both local adaptations and availability of trophic resources. The European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) shows significant color variability and occurs across a broad range of habitats. Here we combined field observations with common rearing experiments to disentangle the role of environmental conditions and local adaptations in determining aposematic coloration of salamander populations. We assessed color variation and measured habitat features and food availability in adults from 25 populations. Furthermore, we reared newborn larvae from 10 populations under different food availability and analyzed color of metamorphs. To assess color pattern, we measured the percentage of yellow covering the body, and the Hue, Saturation and Value of yellow coloration. Adult showed strong variation of color pattern; variation was strongly related to the individual's size, to habitat productivity and to food availability. Under common garden conditions, differences between populations were not anymore evident, and coloration was only affected by resource availability during larval development. Our results suggest that environmental conditions and food availability are more important than local adaptations in determining differences in aposematic color pattern. Nature Publishing Group UK 2022-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC9556531/ /pubmed/36224211 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19466-0 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Article
Barzaghi, Benedetta
Melotto, Andrea
Cogliati, Paola
Manenti, Raoul
Ficetola, Gentile Francesco
Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
title Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
title_full Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
title_fullStr Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
title_full_unstemmed Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
title_short Factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
title_sort factors determining the dorsal coloration pattern of aposematic salamanders
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556531/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/36224211
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-19466-0
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