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Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States

BACKGROUND: The presence of active or inactive (i.e., postproduction) oil and gas wells in neighborhoods may contribute to ongoing pollution. Racially discriminatory neighborhood security maps developed by the Home-Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s may contribute to environmental exposure...

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Autores principales: Gonzalez, David J. X., Nardone, Anthony, Nguyen, Andrew V., Morello-Frosch, Rachel, Casey, Joan A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Nature Publishing Group US 2022
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35418707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00434-9
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author Gonzalez, David J. X.
Nardone, Anthony
Nguyen, Andrew V.
Morello-Frosch, Rachel
Casey, Joan A.
author_facet Gonzalez, David J. X.
Nardone, Anthony
Nguyen, Andrew V.
Morello-Frosch, Rachel
Casey, Joan A.
author_sort Gonzalez, David J. X.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The presence of active or inactive (i.e., postproduction) oil and gas wells in neighborhoods may contribute to ongoing pollution. Racially discriminatory neighborhood security maps developed by the Home-Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s may contribute to environmental exposure disparities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether receiving worse HOLC grades was associated with exposure to more oil and gas wells. METHODS: We assessed exposure to oil and gas wells among HOLC-graded neighborhoods in 33 cities from 13 states where urban oil and gas wells were drilled and operated. Among the 17 cities for which 1940 census data were available, we used propensity score restriction and matching to compare well exposure neighborhoods that were similar on observed 1940 sociodemographic characteristics but that received different grades. RESULTS: Across all included cities, redlined D-graded neighborhoods had 12.2 ± 27.2 wells km(−2), nearly twice the density in neighborhoods graded A (6.8 ± 8.9 wells km(−2)). In propensity score restricted and matched analyses, redlined neighborhoods had 2.0 (1.3, 2.7) more wells than comparable neighborhoods with a better grade. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study adds to the evidence that structural racism in federal policy is associated with the disproportionate siting of oil and gas wells in marginalized neighborhoods.
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spelling pubmed-95566572023-01-20 Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States Gonzalez, David J. X. Nardone, Anthony Nguyen, Andrew V. Morello-Frosch, Rachel Casey, Joan A. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol Article BACKGROUND: The presence of active or inactive (i.e., postproduction) oil and gas wells in neighborhoods may contribute to ongoing pollution. Racially discriminatory neighborhood security maps developed by the Home-Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) in the 1930s may contribute to environmental exposure disparities. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether receiving worse HOLC grades was associated with exposure to more oil and gas wells. METHODS: We assessed exposure to oil and gas wells among HOLC-graded neighborhoods in 33 cities from 13 states where urban oil and gas wells were drilled and operated. Among the 17 cities for which 1940 census data were available, we used propensity score restriction and matching to compare well exposure neighborhoods that were similar on observed 1940 sociodemographic characteristics but that received different grades. RESULTS: Across all included cities, redlined D-graded neighborhoods had 12.2 ± 27.2 wells km(−2), nearly twice the density in neighborhoods graded A (6.8 ± 8.9 wells km(−2)). In propensity score restricted and matched analyses, redlined neighborhoods had 2.0 (1.3, 2.7) more wells than comparable neighborhoods with a better grade. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study adds to the evidence that structural racism in federal policy is associated with the disproportionate siting of oil and gas wells in marginalized neighborhoods. Nature Publishing Group US 2022-04-13 2023 /pmc/articles/PMC9556657/ /pubmed/35418707 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00434-9 Text en © The Author(s) 2022 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
spellingShingle Article
Gonzalez, David J. X.
Nardone, Anthony
Nguyen, Andrew V.
Morello-Frosch, Rachel
Casey, Joan A.
Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
title Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
title_full Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
title_fullStr Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
title_short Historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the United States
title_sort historic redlining and the siting of oil and gas wells in the united states
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9556657/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35418707
http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41370-022-00434-9
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